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شَنَقٌ ذ What is between one فَرِيضَة and the next فَرِيضَة, (A'Obeyd, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K, TA,) [meaning a number that is between two other numbers whereof each imposes the obligation of giving a due termed فَرِيضَة,] of camels, and of sheep or goats, (M, TA,) in relation to the poorrate: (S, Mgh, K, TA:) so called because nothing is taken therefrom; so that it is adjoined (أُشْنِقَ i. e. أَضِيفَ) to that [number] which is next to it [of the numbers below it]: (JK:) accord. to some, it is syn. with وَقَصٌ; (Mgh, Msb;) but some say that it relates peculiarly to camels; (M, Mgh, Msb;) and وَقَصٌ, to bulls and cows: (Mgh, Msb:) used in relation to sheep or goats, it is what is between forty and a hundred and twenty; and in like manner as to other numbers [that impose the obligation of giving a فريضة]: K, TA:) Ahmad Ibn-Hambal is related to have said that the شَنَق is what is above the فريضة, absolutely; as, for instance, what is above forty sheep or goats: (TA: [I here render the word دُونَ “ above, ” though it also means “ below, ” because nothing is due from sheep or goats fewer than forty:]) as A'Obeyd says, it is, of camels, such as exceed five, up to ten; and what exceed ten, up to fifteen: (O, * TA: [see also 3:]) Ks states, on the authority of some one or more of the Arabs, that it is up to twenty-five; and says that it is what does pot impose the obligation of the فريضة; meaning what is between five and twenty-five: (Fr, TA:) [but it is also expl. as applied to the due itself that is to be contributed to the poorrates for certain numbers of camels: thus] Aboo- 'Amr Esh-Sheybánee says, the شَنَق for five camels is a sheep or goat; for ten, two sheep or goats; for fifteen three sheep or goats; and for twenty, four sheep or goats; the term شَنَقٌ being applied alike to the sheep or goat, and to the two sheep or goats, and to the three sheep or goats, and to the four sheep or goats; what exceeds this last being termed فَرِيضَةٌ: (TA:) or, in the case of the poor-rate, the lowest شَنَق (الشَّنَقُ الأَسْفَلُ) is a sheep or goat for five camels; and the highest شَنَق (الشَّنَقُ الأَعْلَى) is a بِنْت مَخَاض for five and twenty: (O, K:) the pl. of شَنَقٌ is أَشْنَاقٌ (M, Msb, TA) and شِنَاقٌ. (M.) ― -b2- Also What is above the bloodwit (مَا دُونَ الدِّيَةِ): (As, S, O, Msb, K:) the term أَشْنَاق, (S, M, Msb,) pl. of شَنَقٌ, (M,) being applied to the fines, for wounds, that are sent with the complete bloodwit (S, M, * O, Msb) by him upon whom rests the obligation to send such; (S, O, Msb;) as though they were attached to the main, or greatest, fine: (S, M, * O:) and an addition, in the bloodwit, (M, Msb,) of five, (M,) or of six, (M, Msb,) or of seven, (Msb,) to the hundred camels [which constitute the complete bloodwit], (M, Msb, *) in order that it may be described as ample: (Msb:) [for,] as IAar and As and El-Athram say, the man of rank or quality, when he gave [the bloodwit], used to add to it five [or more] camels, to show thereby his excellence and his generosity: (TA:) a redundancy [in the case of the bloodwit]; (O, K;) one of the explanations of the term given by As: (O:) or in the case of bloodwits (دِيَات), the lowest شَنَق (الشَّنَقُ الأَسْفَلُ) is twenty camels whereof every one is a بِنْت مَخَاض; and the highest شَنَق (الشَّنَقُ الأَعْلَى) is twenty camels whereof every one is a جَذَعَة: (O, K:) and some say that أَشْنَاقُ الدِّيَاتِ means the sorts of bloodwits; the bloodwit for purely-unintentional homicide being a hundred camels, which those who are responsible for it undertake to give in fifths, consisting of twenty whereof every one is an اِبْنَة مَخَاض, and twenty whereof every one is an اِبْنَة لَبُون, and twenty whereof every one is an اِبْن لَبُون, and twenty whereof every one is a حِقَّة, and twenty whereof every one is a جَذَعَة; these also being termed أَشْنَاق. (TA.) ― -b3- It signifies also A fine, or mulct, for a wound or the like; (O, Msb, K;) as, for instance, for a burn, (O, TA,) or such as a wound on the head that lays bare the bone, (Msb, TA,) and other wounds, (Msb,) and for a tooth [knocked out], and for an eye blinded, and for an arm or a hand vitiated, or rendered unsound and motionless, or stiff; and for anything short of what requires the complete bloowit: (TA:) or, as some say, a fine for that which does not render obnoxious to retaliation; as a scratch, or laceration of the skin, and the like: (M:) pl. أَشْنَاقٌ. (M, Msb.) -A2- Also A burden borne on one side of a beast, equiponderant to another borne on the other side; syn. عِدْلٌ: (K, TA: [in the CK and my MS. copy of the K, العَدْلُ is erroneously put for العِدْل:]) الشَّنَقَانِ signifies العِدْلَان. (JK, Ibn-' Abbád, O, TA. *) ― -b2- And A rope, or cord. (Ibn-' Abbád, O, K.) ― -b3- And A bow-string; (O, TA;) as also ↓ شِنَاقٌ ; (O, K, * TA;) so called because it is bound to the head of the bow: (O, TA:) or, accord. to Sh, a good bow-string, i. e. strong and long. (TA.) [See what follows.] -A3- الشَّنَقُ also signifies العَمَلُ [The making a thing]: (K:) thus accord. to some in the saying of Ru-beh, describing a sportsman [and his bow], “ سَوَّى لَهَا كَبْدَآءَ تَنْزُو فِى الشَّنَقْ
” [as though meaning He prepared for it, or them, a bow such that the part whereby it was held filled the hand, springing in the making by reason of its elasticity and strength: but the word which I have written تَنْزُو, and which is thus in one place in the TA, and in another place in the same, where the verse is repeated, تَنْزُوا, is illegible in the copy of the O, and may be a mistranscription]: accord. to others, however, the last word, الشَّنَقْ, here means the bow-string. (O, TA.)
An Arabic-English Lexicon. London. Williams and Norgate. 1863.
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