CHAPTER LXVIII
ὁ ἀεὶ ἐντὸς γιγνόμενος—as each got in:
iii. 77,
τὰς ἀεὶ πληρουμένας (
ναῦς)
ἐξέπεμπον, sent out their ships as fast as they could man them.
τὸ μὲν πρῶτον—this finds its corresponding clause in
ἄμα δ᾽ ἔῳ, line 16, or perhaps in
οἱ δ᾽ ὡς, line 13. The latter however seems rather to belong to the loosely-worded parenthetical sentences which describe the general panic.
ἀντισχὀντες—‘held out, made a stand’:
vi. 22,
ὄπως πρὸς τὸ ἱππικὸν ἀντέχωσι:
ii. 49, with dat., of the body holding out against disease:
i. 65, abs. of supplies holding out.
ὀλίγοι— partial apposition: ch. 6, 4: 62, 17.
ἐς φυγὴν κατέστησαν—so ch. 100, 22, and often.
προσπεπτωκότων καὶ νομίσαντες—two different constructions giving the reasons of the panic; the second clause having a subordinate parenthesis
τῶν προδιδόντων ἀντιμαχομένων. σφᾶς— the Peloponnesians, gov. by
προδεδωκέναι.
ξυνέπεσε—see note on
ξύμπτωμα, ch. 36, 16: Hdt.
viii. 15,
συνέπιπτε δὲ ὤστε γίγνεσθαι, of two coincident events.
ἀφ᾽ ἑαυτοῦ γνώμης—‘of his own idea’, an unusual expression, of which Poppo cites instances from Dio. Cass.: in
iii. 92 we have
ἀπὸ τοιᾶσδε γνώμης, ‘with this idea’: cf. Dem. de Cor. 281,
ἀπὸ τῆς έμαυτοῦ γνώμης, ‘from my own judgment’.
θησόμενον τὰ ὅπλα—to be taken with
ἰέναι, the inf. depending on
κηρῦξαι: so ch. 105, 12: cf.
ii. 2,
ἀνεῖπεν ὀ κήρυξ, εἴ τις βούλεται ξυμμαχεῖν, τίθεσθαι παρ᾽ αὑτοὺς τὰ ὄπλα. The phrase of course is not to be taken literally, but simply means ‘to join the Athenians’; see note on ch. 44, 6.
πολεμεῖσθαι—pers. ‘that they were attacked’: so
i. 37,
αὑτοὶ οὑκ εἰκότως πολεμοῦνται: or perhaps impers. like ch. 23, 12,
τὰ περὶ Πύλον ἐπολεμεῖτο.
οἱ πρὸς ..πράξαντες—‘those who had conducted the intrigue with the Athenians’:
i. 131,
πράσσων πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους. Instead of
ἄλλοι Krüger and Classen read
ἄλλο in agreement with
πλῆθος. The main body of the democratical party is denoted, the arrangement having been made by their
προστάται (ch. 66).
ξυνέκειτο—see note on ch. 23, 4: for inf. cf.
viii. 52,
ξυγκεῖσθαι κρατεῖν βασιλέα.
διάδηλοι—‘distinguished from the others’,
διά denoting disjunction, as in
διαλύω, διαγιγνώσκω, etc.
λίπα—so
i. 6,
λίπα ἠλείψαντο. λίπα is regarded as either (1) a dat. (=
λίπαι or
λίπᾳ) from an old noun
λίπα, or (2) an adv. or cogn. accus. from a supposed nom.
λίψ. See Lidd. and Scott, and notes on
Hom. Il. x. 577,
ἀλειψαμένω λίπ᾽ ἐλαίῳ:
Od. iii. 466,
ἔχρισεν λίπ᾽ ἐλαίῳ. It only occurs once in Homer without
ἐλαίῳ,
Od. vi. 227.
ἀλείψεσθαι is constructed in accordance with the sense as if ‘they agreed’ had preceded.
ἀδικῶνται—harmed by their friends (the Athenians): the word implies unfair or wrongful injury.
ἀσφάλεια—‘they could open the gates with more safety’, because the main Athenian army was now at hand. Classen suspects that this sentence, as far as
παρῆσαν, is out of place, and ought to follow
ἐπεξιέναι ἐς μάχην, line 20. It certainly seems clear that by
τοὺς Ἀθηναίους (line 21) is denoted the force which came from Eleusis, and not the troops in possession of the long walls.
οἱ ἀπό—the def. article is explained by
κατὰ τὸ ξυγκείμενον, though the arrangement has not been mentioned before.
οἱ τὴν νύκτα πορευόμενοι—‘those troops, that is, which were marching (or were to march) during the night’, as opposed to those already in ambush at Megara. If the def. article be retained it is used to give a further definition, as in ch. 1, 19,
ἄλλαι αἱ πληρούμεναι. Most editors however reject
οἱ, which is absent from several manuscripts, and may have got into the text from the last syllable of
ἑξακόσιοι.
καὶ οἵ—cf. note on ch. 33, 13. Here the demonstrative form seems required by the sense.
τις—a common usage in threats and warnings: cf. ch. 13, 21,
ἢν ἐσπλέῃ τις:
iii. 2,
εἰ μή τις προκαταλήψεται. αὐτοῦ...ἔσεσθαι—sc. they threatened to fight it out on the spot.
ἰσχυρίζοντο—‘insisted’: ch. 23, 6.
