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Corps, Army of the Potomac.
In November, 1862, he became major-general of volunteers.
He fought at
Fredericksburg and
Chancellorsville.
When
Reynolds was killed on the field of
Gettysburg, the command of the First Corps fell upon him for the day, July 1, 1863, until he was succeeded by
Major-General John Newton.
After being mustered out of the volunteer service, he served as colonel in the regular army until he was retired in 1873.
He had been brevetted brigadier and major-general in 1865.
Major-General Doubleday was the author of several important military works.
He died January 27, 1893, at
Mendham, New Jersey.
(U. S.M. A. 1842) was born in
Norfolk, Virginia, August 24, 1823.
After graduation he taught engineering at
West Point for three years, and then devoted himself to the construction of fortifications.
The outbreak of the
Civil War found him chief engineer of the Department of Pennsylvania, and he assisted in preparing the defenses of the national capital.
The rank of brigadier-general of volunteers was given him in September, 1861, and he remained with the organization which was eventually the First Corps, Army of the Potomac, as brigade and division commander, being made major-general of volunteers in March, 1863.
He succeeded to the command of the corps after
Reynolds' death at
Gettysburg, July 1, 1863, and led it until it was discontinued, March 24, 1864.
His appointment as major-general of volunteers expired in April, 1864, and with his former title he succeeded
Sheridan in a division of the Fourth Corps, Army of the Cumberland.
After the war, he continued in the regular army and reached the grade of brigadier-general in 1884, being retired in 1886.
His most renowned achievement was the removal of the reefs at
Hell Gate in the harbor of
New York.
General Newton was commissioner of public works, New York city, from 1887 to 1888, and then president of the Panama Railroad Company.
He died, May 1, 1895.
(U. S. M.A. 1841) was born in
Lancaster, Pennsylvania, September 20, 1820, and served in the
Mexican War, and in the
Rogue River Indian and
Utah expeditions.
At the outbreak of the
Civil War, he was commandant at
West Point, but with the rank of brigadier-general of volunteers took active part in the operations of the Army of the Potomac from August, 1861.
He commanded a brigade of the Pennsylvania Reserves which was merged in the First Corps, Army of the Potomac.
He went with
McDowell to the Department of the Rappahannock but returned to the Army of the Potomac at the head of a brigade in the Fifth Corps, for the move to the
James.
He was taken prisoner at
Glendale but was exchanged.
The brigade joined the Third Corps, Army of Virginia, in which
Reynolds commanded a division.
Again with the Army of the Potomac,
Reynolds was given the First Corps on September 29, 1862, and later was made major-general of volunteers.
On the first day of
Gettysburg, July 1, 1863, he was killed by a Confederate sharpshooter.
Reynolds' loss was most keenly felt in the
Federal army.
Second Army Corps
Created by the
general order of March 3, 1862, chiefly from
Sumner's and
Blenker's divisions of the Army of the Potomac as constituted in October, 1861.
Major-General Sumner was its first commander, and his successors were
Major-Generals D. N. Couch,
John Sedgwick,
O. O. Howard,
W. S. Hancock,
G. K. Warren,
D. B. Birney,
A. A. Humphreys,
Brevet Major-Generals Gershom Mott,
N. A. Miles, and
F. C. Barlow, and
Brigadier-Generals John Gibbon,
William Hays, and
J. C. Caldwell.
The Second Corps was with the Army of the Potomac all through the war and took part in all its great engagements.
It suffered most severely at
Antietam.
It was discontinued June 28, 1865.
The Second Corps made a notable record for itself.
One interesting fact is that until the
battle of Spotsylvania, on May 10, 1864, it never lost a gun or a color.
was born in
Boston, January 30, 1797, enlisting in the army in 1819.
He rendered distinguished service in the
Black Hawk and
Mexican wars, and was military governor of
New Mexico from 1851 to 1853.
As
brigadier-general, he superseded
Brevet Brigadier-General Albert Sidney Johnston in the command of the Department of the Pacific in April, 1861.
He came East to participate in
