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River campaign.
After the war, he devoted himself largely to education, becoming chancellor of the University of Nashville from 1870 to 1875, and later professor of mathematics at the University of the South.
He died in
Sewanee, Tennessee, March 28, 1893.
Army of the Mississippi
From troops in the Western Department (Department No. 2) was created the Army of the Mississippi on March 5, 1862, and to
General P. G. T. Beauregard was given the command.
The army was divided into two corps headed by
Major-Generals Leonidas Polk and
Braxton Bragg.
On March 29th, the army was joined to the
Central Army of Kentucky with its three divisions, reserve corps, and cavalry.
General A. S. Johnston, of the latter, took command of the Army of the Mississippi, that name having been preserved.
Beauregard was second in command.
The whole body was gathered at
Corinth (except a force at
Fort Pillow) in three corps, a reserve corps, and cavalry, and this was the organization that fought at
Shiloh, when its strength was about forty thousand.
The death of
General Johnston placed the chief command upon
General Beauregard, who was relieved June 27, 1862, by
Major-General Hardee, and he, on August 15th, by
Major-General Bragg.
The army was transferred to
Chattanooga in July.
Major-General Polk had temporary command from September 28th to November 7, 1862, when, on the return of
Bragg, the organization was called the Army of Tennessee.
was born in
Washington, Mason County, Kentucky, February 3, 1803.
He served in the
Black Hawk War and resigned his commission in 1834. Two years later, he entered the army of the
Texan Republic as a private, soon becoming a brigadier-general, and in 1838 was commander-in-chief of the army of
Texas and
Secretary of War.
Later, he reentered the United States Army and served in the
Mexican War with distinction.
As colonel, he conducted an expedition against the Mormons in
Utah in 1857, which won him a brevet of brigadier-general.
He remained in command in
Utah until February, 1860.
At the outbreak of the
Civil War, he was in command of the Department of the Pacific, but, by reason of his Southern sympathies, he resigned his commission to enter the
Confederate service with the rank of general.
He assumed command of Department No. 2, or Western Department, on September 15, 1861.
In October he took immediate control of the
Central Army of Kentucky, holding the line of
Bowling Green,
Kentucky, until February, 1862, against vastly superior numbers.
On March 29, 1862, this army united with the Army of the Mississippi and
Johnston took command of the new organization.
He was killed on the battlefield of
Shiloh, April 6, 1862, and his death was a stunning blow to the new Confederacy.
Third Corps—Army of the Mississippi
, who had been commander in
northwestern Arkansas, was placed at the head of the Third Corps of the Army of the Mississippi on its reorganization, March 29, 1862.
In August, the corps was merged in the Left Wing of the Army of the Mississippi.
Reserve Corps—Army of the Mississippi
Commanded by
Major-General George B. Crittenden on March 29, 1862, and by
Major-General J. C. Breckinridge after April 6th, and, later, by
Brigadier-General Jones M. Withers.
After
Shiloh, and the siege of
Corinth, the corps went to
Louisiana and fought the
battle of Baton Rouge, August 6, 1862, with the
Federal troops under
Brigadier-General Thomas Williams.
Then it returned with
Breckinridge to form the Army of Middle Tennessee and was merged in
Hardee's (Second) Corps, Army of Tennessee, as the First Division, in November, 1862.
