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2. τοῖς νόμοις (without ἐν Σ, AI), by the laws: cf. XX. 57, ταῦτα καὶ νόμοις τισὶ καὶ δόξαις διώρισται.

3. τοῖς ἀγράφοις νομίμοις, by the principles of unwritten law, further explained by τοῖς ἀνθρωπίνοις ἤθεσι: cf. § 114.2. The unwritten law is known as the law of Nature, the moral law, the divine law, or the higher law, the law which is not alia lex Romae, alia Athenis. Aristotle distinguishes two kinds of unwritten law, one the κοινὸς νόμος, κατὰ φύσιν, the universal law of Nature, the other a branch of the special law of particular States, by which the defects of the written law may be remedied, that is, τὸ ἐπιεικές, equity. See Rhet. I. 13. As an example of the universal law he quotes Antig. 456, 457, οὐ γάρ τι...ἐξ ὅτου φ̓άνη, and the verses of Empedocles:

ἀλλὰ τὸ μὲν πάντων νόμιμον διά τ᾽ εὐρυμέδοντος

αἰθέρος ἠνεκέως τέταται διά τ᾽ ἀπλέ- του αὖ γῆς.

5. ὠμότητι: cf. ὠμότερος, § 212.9.

6. ὡς ἀτυχημάτων: see Aesch. III. 57, τῶν δὲ ἀτυχημάτων ἁπάντων Δημοσθένην αἴτιον γεγενημένον.

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  • Commentary references from this page (2):
    • Demosthenes, On the Crown, 114
    • Demosthenes, On the Crown, 212
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