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[35] effective strength. The Union Armies generally outnumbered the Confederates, but the disparity was not so great as the official figures always implied.

Although the reports of the Union commanders seldom mentioned the number taken into action by each regiment, General Hancock was thoughtful enough in his report for Fredericksburg to specify the number present on the field in each regiment of his division. As the loss in Hancock's Division, in its memorable assault on Marye's Heights, was one of the severest of the war, it is given here in full. In addition to the official figures, the number of killed, as increased by those who died of their wounds, is also given — the number having been ascertained by examining the muster-out rolls of each regiment.

Having the exact number engaged, these casualties are of interest as showing the outside limit of loss to which troops are subjected in action. There are on record some higher percentages in cases of individual regiments in certain engagements, but no greater percentage in any division.

Hancock's Division. Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, 1862.

regiments. Casualties. Number Engaged. Percentage of Casualties. Killed and Died of Wounds. Percentage of Killed.
Killed. Wounded. Missing. Total.
Caldwell's Brigade.                
  Staff -- 3 -- 3 -- -- -- --
  5th New Hampshire 20 154 19 193 303 63.6 51 16.8
  7th New York 26 184 33 243 488 49.7 56 11.4
  61st New York 9 27 -- 36 435 24.8 26 5.9
  64th New York 4 68 -- 72
  81st Pennsylvania 15 141 20 176 261 67.4 46 17.6
  145th Pennsylvania 34 152 43 229 500 45.8 91 18.2
Irish Brigade.                
  28th Massachusetts 14 124 20 158 416 37.9 37 8.8
  63d New York 2 38 4 44 162 27.1 11 6.7
  69th New York 10 95 23 128 238 53.7 34 14.2
  88th New York 17 97 13 127 252 50.3 38 15.0
  116th Pennsylvania 7 67 14 88 247 35.6 25 10.1
Zook's Brigade.                
  27th Connecticut 10 83 20 113 384 29.4 36 9.3
  2d Delaware 4 41 9 54 244 22.1 15 6.1
  52d New York 6 37 -- 43 160 26.8 12 7.5
  57th New York 8 78 1 87 192 45.3 20 10.4
  66th New York 11 55 9 75 238 31.5 24 10.0
  53d Pennsylvania 21 133 1 155 314 49.3 39 12.4
  4th U. S. Artillery “C” 1 4 -- 5 -- -- -- --
Total 219 1,581 229 2,029 4,834 41.9 561 11.6

Nearly all the missing ones were killed or wounded men, who fell in front of the stone wall at Marye's Heights. Most of them belong with the killed, and were buried by the enemy. The number engaged may appear small; but it should be remembered that this division had already lost 3,290 men on the Peninsula and at Antietam.

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