William F. Fox, Lt. Col. U. S. V., Regimental Losses in the American Civil War, 1861-1865: A Treatise on the extent and nature of the mortuary losses in the Union regiments, with full and exhaustive statistics compiled from the official records on file in the state military bureaus and at Washington

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[102] the fall of 1862, under the second call for troops, and twenty-two of them were enlisted for nine months only, the terms of the latter expiring in July, 1863. There were also six newly organized regiments of colored troops from Louisiana. The New England States contributed 39 regiments, 21 of which were nine-months men; there were 22 regiments from New York, and 1 from Pennsylvania, the latter (47th Penn.) being the only Keystone regiment in the Department of the Gulf.

Active operations were soon commenced, and on April 12, 1863, the corps encountered the enemy at Fort Bisland, La., with a loss of 40 killed, and 184 wounded; and on the 14th, at Irish Bend, La., with a loss of 49 killed, 274 wounded, and 30 missing; total casualties in both actions, 577. The investment of Port Hudson was accomplished in the following month, and on May 27th a gallant but unsuccessful attempt was made to carry the enemy's works by storm, the corps losing in this action 293 killed, 1,545 wounded, and 157 missing; total, 1,995. Another general assault was made on June 14th, but without success; loss, 203 killed, 1,401 wounded, and 201 missing; total, 1,805. In the meantime, the constant firing from the trenches resulted in additional daily losses in killed and wounded. The Confederate garrison, learning of the fall of Vicksburg, surrendered on July 9th. The losses in the corps during the siege — including the assaults of May 27th and June 14th--amounted to 707 killed, 3,336 wounded, and 319 missing; total, 4,362. The heaviest loss fell on Augur's (1st) Division. Fearing's Brigade, of Paine's (3d) Division, also sustained a severe loss, and one of the Louisiana (colored) regiments suffered severely in the assaults.

Soon after the surrender of Port Hudson and termination of that campaign, the 22 regiments which had been recruited for nine months left for their homes, their term of service having expired. The loss of these troops necessitated a reduction of the organization to three divisions. The ensuing nine months--July, 1863, to March, 1864--were spent in post or garrison duty, with some reconnoissances and minor expeditions into the enemy's country. On the 15th of March, 1864, the troops started on Banks' Red River Expedition, his Army consisting of parts of the Thirteenth, Sixteenth, Seventeenth and Nineteenth Corps. Major-General William B. Franklin commanded the Nineteenth Corps on this expedition, and took with him the First (Emory's) and Second (Grover's) Divisions; the Third Division was left in the defenses of New Orleans. Upon the arrival of Bank's Army at Alexandria the Second Division was left there, while the First moved on and fought at Sabine Cross Roads. In addition to the battles of Sabine Cross Roads and Pleasant Hill, the corps was engaged in several minor actions while on this expedition.

In July, 1864, the First and Second Divisions proceeded to New Orleans, and embarked for Virginia, leaving the rest of the corps in Louisiana. On arriving at Washington the two divisions were ordered into Maryland to confront Early's invasion, after which they served in the Shenandoah Valley, in Sheridan's Army. The Nineteenth Corps, or this part of it, was now under the command of General William--H. Emory; the First Division, containing 17 regiments, was commanded by General William Dwight; the Second Division, containing 4 brigades, 21 regiments, was commanded by General Cuvier Grover. The returns from these two divisions for August, 1864, show an aggregate of 21,640, present and absent; 14,645 present, with 13,176 present for duty. Of the latter, the corps lost over 5,000 men in the Shenandoah campaign. It lost at the Opequon, September 19th, 314 killed, 1,554 wounded, and 206 missing; at Fisher's Hill, September 22d, 15 killed, 86 wounded, and 13 missing; at Cedar Creek, October 19th, 257 killed, 1,336 wounded, and 790 missing; in skirmishes and on the picket lines, 57 killed, 446 wounded, and 13 missing; in all, 5,087 casualties. At the Opequon, Grover's Division lost 1,527 men out of 6,797 taken into action, or present for duty before the battle.

The fighting in the Valley having ended? Grover's (2d) Division was ordered, in January,