Benson J. Lossing, Pictorial Field Book of the Civil War. Volume 3.

[284] simultaneous campaign against Richmond. Having visited the principal places of conflict between Sherman and Johnston on our way to Atlanta from Chattanooga, we now journeyed back without halting until we reached Cleveland, the place of junction of the railways leading into the valley from Chattanooga and Dalton. There, at a little cottage-like inn, embowered in trees, and then sweetly perfumed by its garden of roses, we spent a night and part of a day, a portion of the time with Dr. Hunt, one of the stanch Unionists and patient sufferers of East Tennessee. Cleveland was a pleasant little village before the war, situated in the midst of a beautiful region, but now it was scarred and disfigured by the ravages of the demon of Discord. Troops of both parties had trampled upon all its pleasant places. Nearly seventy thousand were there at one time. On eminences around it were earth-works for cannon and the shelter of troops; and upon a ridge overlooking the railway station was the fine brick mansion of Mr. Raht, which General Howard used as Headquarters when he was there with his corps.

From Cleveland we journeyed to Knoxville by railway, seeing the evidences of the recent strife everywhere along the line of its track. At Charleston, where the railway crosses the Hiawassee, we saw strong earth-works, and a block-house on the margin of that little river, so beautiful in name

Howard's Headquarters.

and appearance. At Loudon these were still more numerous and strong; and some, cast up by the soldiers of both parties, were seen at Lenoir and other places, between the Tennessee crossing and Knoxville. That region is extremely fertile, and was then fast recovering its former beauty and fruitfulness under the hand of intelligent and industrious cultivators. It presented a great contrast to the region in Georgia between Dalton and Atlanta, which was yet in the desolate state in which Sherman and Johnston had left it.

At Knoxville we were the guests of Governor Brownlow, whose name and deeds are so conspicuous in the annals of the Civil War in Tennessee. His house was the abode of intellectual culture and social refinement, and the open-handed hospitality which we found there will ever form one of the pleasantest recollections of our traveling experience. And there was something more precious than intellectual culture and social refinement under that roof. It was abounding patriotism and highest moral courage, exhibited not only by the master of the house, but by all, even the weakest members of it. In all the fiery trials of the Civil War to which that household was subjected — when the father, because of his devotion to the old flag of his country, was hunted like a wild beast in the mountains — the wife, and sons and daughters kept the altar fire of patriotism burning brightly within that dwelling. The National flag was kept waving over its roof in defiance of the scorn and threatenings of traitors; and when a company was sent from a Texan regiment encamped near the city, to haul down that flag, a young widowed daughter of Governor Brownlow (Mrs. Sawyer, afterward Mrs. Dr. Boyington),