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[7]
（3） Again, it is possible for men to ‘have
knowledge’ in yet another way besides those just discussed; for even in the
state of having knowledge without exercising it we can observe a distinction: a man may in
a sense both have it and not have it; for instance, when he is asleep, or mad, or drunk.
But persons under the influence of passion are in the same condition; for it is evident
that anger, sexual desire, and certain other passions, actually alter the state of the
body, and in some cases even cause madness. It is clear therefore that we must pronounce
the unrestrained to ‘have knowledge’ only in the same way as men who
are asleep or mad or drunk.
Aristotle in 23 Volumes, Vol. 19, translated by H. Rackham. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1934.
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