[
582a]
how could we determine
which of them speaks most truly?” “In faith, I cannot
tell,” he said. “Well, consider it thus: By what are
things to be judged, if they are to be judged
1 rightly? Is it not by
experience, intelligence and discussion
2? Or could anyone name a better criterion than
these?” “How could he?” he said.
“Observe, then. Of our three types of men, which has had the most
experience of all the pleasures we mentioned? Do you think that the lover of
gain by study of the very nature of truth has more experience
[
582b]
of the pleasure that knowledge yields than the
philosopher has of that which results from gain?” “There
is a vast difference,” he said; “for the one, the
philosopher, must needs taste of the other two kinds of pleasure from
childhood; but the lover of gain is not only under no necessity of tasting
or experiencing the sweetness of the pleasure of learning the true natures
of things,
3 but he
cannot easily do so even if he desires and is eager for it.”
“The lover of wisdom, then,” said I, “far
surpasses the lover of gain in experience of both kinds of
pleasure.”
[
582c]
“Yes,
far.” “And how does he compare with the lover of honor?
Is he more unacquainted with the pleasure of being honored than that other
with that which comes from knowledge?” “Nay,
honor,” he said, “if they achieve their several objects,
attends them all; for the rich man is honored by many and the brave man and
the wise, so that all are acquainted with the kind of pleasure that honor
brings; but it is impossible for anyone except the lover of wisdom to have
savored the delight that the contemplation of true being and reality
brings.”
[
582d]
“Then,” said I, “so far as experience goes,
he is the best judge of the three.” “By far.”
“And again, he is the only one whose experience will have been
accompanied
4 by
intelligence.” “Surely.” “And yet
again, that which is the instrument, or
ὄργανον, of judgement
5 is the instrument, not of the lover of gain or
of the lover of honor, but of the lover of wisdom.”
“What is that?” “It was by means of words and
discussion
6 that we said the judgement must be reached; was it not?”
“Yes.” “And they are the instrument mainly of
the philosopher.” “Of course.” “Now
if wealth and profit were the best criteria by which things are judged,
[
582e]
the things praised and censured by
the lover of gain would necessarily be truest and most real.”
“Quite necessarily.” “And if honor, victory
and courage, would it not be the things praised by the lover of honor and
victory?” “Obviously.” “But since
the tests are experience and wisdom and discussion, what follows?”
“Of necessity,” he said, “that the things
approved by the lover of wisdom and discussion are most valid and
true.”