E.C. Marchant, Commentary on Thucydides: Book 3

περὶ Πελοπόννησον—see on c. 3, 3.

Δημοσθένης—the first mention of this celebrated general, conspicuous for boldness and enterprise. There is no doubt that Thuc. obtained from him much information about the expeditions in which he was a leading figure.

Νικίας—c. 51.

Μηλίους—Melos, like Thera, had, as a Lacedaemouian colony, held aloof from the Athenian alliance. But they had taken no part in the war. It is known that Thera now submitted.

αὐτῶν—it is hardly necessary to read αὑτῶν here. Cf. Xen. Cyr. I. 1, 5 ἐδυνάσθη ἐπιθυμίαν ἐμβαλεῖν τοῦ αὐτῷ χαρίζεσθαι.

ἐς Ὠρωπὸν τῆς Γραϊκῆς—on the horders of Attica and Boeotia. It belonged to Athens. For τῆς Γραικῆς cf. II. 23 τὴν γῆν τὴν Γραικὴν καλουμένην. The name belonged to the coast opposite Eretria. In II. 23 it is corrupted into Πειραϊκήν.

οἱ ὁπλῖται ἀπὸ τῶν νεῶν—prob. to be taken together in spite of the absence of art. before ἀπό. In II. 80 we have τὸ ναυτικὸν ἐκ . . , and in II. 18 κατὰ τὴν ἄλλην πορείαν ἡ σχολαιότης.

πανδημεί—i.e. with the whole available army. 16

Ἱππονίκου τοῦ Καλλίου—son of that Callias who negotiated peace with Persia in 470 B.C. The family was reputed the richest in Greece. The younger Callias, son of Hipponicus, was a very well-known man. Hipponicus was proxenus of Sparta. He fell at the battle of Delium, 424 B.C.

ἐν τῇ Τανάγρᾳ—i.e. in the neighbourhood of Tanagra.

τῇ ὑστεραίᾳ μάχῃ—to be taken separately, τῇ ὑστεραίᾳ having ἡμέρᾳ supplied. Herbst, who investigated the use of the phrase, came finally to the conclusion that alone it means ‘on the next day,’ but that sometimes a subst. is supplied from what precedes, in I. 44 ἐκκλησίᾳ, in VII. 11 μάχῃ.