James Adam, The Republic of Plato

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ἅτε αὐτὸς κτλ.: ‘being himself a monarch with sole sway will not only lead the man in whom he dwells as in a city unto every form of daring’ etc. τε is used ἀνακολούθως: see on II 373 B. The words ἅτε αὐτὸς ὢν μόναρχος suggest as the proper supplement of the τε clause something like ‘but will also make him a tyrant too’; and the sentiment appears in a somewhat different form in 575 C, D (where see notes). So Hoefer (de part. Pl. p. 14) correctly explains the passage. Schneider understands κυβερνῶν or the like (to balance ὤν) after πόλιν—an impossible solution, which he himself abandoned afterwards in his translation. Others cancel τε (q and Stallbaum), or suggest ἔχοντά τε καὶ τρέφοντα (Richards). Neither proposal is either necessary or probable. The words ὥσπερ πόλιν have also caused difficulty; and Vind. E offers the ingenious emendation πώλον (sic). Should ὥσπερ πόλιν be connected with τὸν ἔχοντά τε αὐτόν or with ἄξει? The latter view has hitherto, I believe, been held; but the introduction of the parallel is very awkward, and, in point of fact, neither Ἔρως nor even the tyrant himself was said in Book VIII to lead the city into daring deeds (VIII 566 D ff., quoted by Stallbaum, is nothing to the point). On the other view ὥσπερ πόλιν is natural and easy: if ὁ ἔρως is a μόναρχος, ὁ ἔχων τὸν ἔρωτα is the πόλις where he rules. Cf. ἕως ἂν ἐν αὐτοῖς ὥσπερ ἐν πόλει πολιτείαν καταστήσωμεν 590 E.

ὑπὸ τῶν -- ἑαυτοῦ has been called ‘nonsense’ by Richards, who conjectures for καὶ ἑαυτοῦ either ἑαυτῷ, or καὶ αὐτόν: Herwerden contents himself with deleting καί. The text is assuredly sound; and although Stallbaum is here at fault, Vermehren correctly explained the passage as long ago as 1870 (Pl. Stud. pp. 112 ff.). καί is quoque, and we should translate ‘by means of the same dispositions in himself also’ (“durch dieselben Eigenschaften auch seiner selbst” Vermehren). τῶν αὐτῶν sc. as those of his evil associates. The history of the State furnishes an exact parallel in the contrast between the foreign mercenaries and the emancipated slaves (VIII 567 D, E). Jowett's translation is right, but in his edition he still takes καί as ‘and.’