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αὑτοῦ γὰρ ἕνεκα τὰ τοιαῦτα. [18] καὶ ὅσα τεθνεῶτι ἐνδέχεται ὑπάρχειν μᾶλλον ἢ ζῶντι: τὸ γὰρ αὑτοῦ ἕνεκα μᾶλλον ἔχει τὰ ζῶντι. [19] καὶ ὅσα ἔργα τῶν ἄλλων ἕνεκα: ἧττον γὰρ αὑτοῦ. καὶ ὅσαι εὐπραγίαι περὶ ἄλλους ἀλλὰ
μὴ περὶ αὑτόν, καὶ αἱ περὶ τοὺς εὖ ποιήσαντας: δίκαιον γάρ. καὶ τὰ εὐεργετήματα: οὐ γὰρ εἰς αὑτόν. [20] καὶ τὰ ἐναντία ἢ ἐφ᾽ οἷς αἰσχύνονται: τὰ γὰρ αἰσχρὰ αἰσχύνονται καὶ λέγοντες καὶ ποιοῦντες καὶ μέλλοντες, ὥσπερ καὶ Σαπφὼ πεποίηκεν, εἰπόντος τοῦ Ἀλκαίου
“θέλω τι εἰπῆν, ἀλλά με κωλύει
αἰδώς,
” Alcaeus fr. 55“αἱ δ᾽ ἦχες ἐσθλῶν ἵμερον ἢ καλῶν
καὶ μή τι εἰπῆν γλῶσσ᾽ ἐκύκα κακόν
αἰδώς κέν σε οὐκ εἶχεν ὄμματ᾽,
ἀλλ᾽ ἔλεγες περὶ τῶ δικαίω.
” Sappho fr. 28 [21] καὶ περὶ ὧν ἀγωνιῶσι μὴ φοβούμενοι: περὶ γὰρ τῶν πρὸς δόξαν φερόντων ἀγαθῶν τοῦτο πάσχουσιν. [22] καὶ αἱ τῶν φύσει σπουδαιοτέρων ἀρεταὶ καλλίους καὶ τὰ ἔργα, οἷον ἀνδρὸς ἢ γυναικός. [23] καὶ αἱ ἀπολαυστικαὶ ἄλλοις μᾶλλον ἢ αὐτοῖς: διὸ τὸ δίκαιον καὶ ἡ δικαιοσύνη καλόν.
[24] καὶ τὸ τοὺς ἐχθροὺς τιμωρεῖσθαι καὶ μὴ καταλλάττεσθαι: τό τε γὰρ ἀνταποδιδόναι δίκαιον, τὸ δὲ δίκαιον καλόν, καὶ ἀνδρείου τὸ μὴ ἡττᾶσθαι. [25] καὶ νίκη καὶ τιμὴ τῶν καλῶν: αἱρετά τε γὰρ ἄκαρπα ὄντα, καὶ ὑπεροχὴν ἀρετῆς δηλοῖ. καὶ τὰ
μνημονευτά, καὶ τὰ μᾶλλον μᾶλλον. καὶ ἃ μὴ ζῶντι ἕπεται, καὶ οἷς τιμὴ ἀκολουθεῖ, καὶ τὰ περιττά, καὶ τὰ μόνῳ ὑπάρχοντα, καλλίω: εὐμνημονευτότερα γάρ. [26] καὶ κτήματα ἄκαρπα: ἐλευθεριώτερα γάρ. καὶ τὰ παρ᾽ ἑκάστοις δὲ ἴδια καλά, καὶ ὅσα σημεῖά ἐστιν τῶν παρ᾽ ἑκάστοις
ἐπαινουμένων, οἷον ἐν Λακεδαίμονι κομᾶν καλόν: ἐλευθέρου γὰρ σημεῖον: οὐ γάρ ἐστιν κομῶντα ῥᾴδιον οὐδὲν ποιεῖν ἔργον θητικόν. [27] καὶ τὸ μηδεμίαν ἐργάζεσθαι βάναυσον τέχνην: ἐλευθέρου γὰρ τὸ μὴ πρὸς ἄλλον ζῆν. [28] ληπτέον δὲ καὶ τὰ σύνεγγυς τοῖς ὑπάρχουσιν ὡς ταὐτὰ ὄντα καὶ πρὸς ἔπαινον
καὶ πρὸς ψόγον, οἷον τὸν εὐλαβῆ ψυχρὸν καὶ ἐπίβουλον καὶ τὸν ἠλίθιον χρηστὸν ἢ τὸν ἀνάλγητον πρᾶον, [29] καὶ ἕκαστον δ᾽ ἐκ τῶν παρακολουθούντων ἀεὶ κατὰ τὸ βέλτιστον, οἷον τὸν ὀργίλον καὶ τὸν μανικὸν ἁπλοῦν καὶ τὸν αὐθάδη μεγαλοπρεπῆ καὶ σεμνόν,
Ars Rhetorica. Aristotle. W. D. Ross. Oxford. Clarendon Press. 1959.
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