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（πολλάκις γὰρ ἐν ταύταισγίγνεται τὸ νικᾶν）, καὶ ἀστραγαλίσεις καὶ σφαιρίσεις καὶ κυβείας καὶ πεττείας. καὶ περὶ τὰς ἐσπουδασμένας δὲ παιδιὰς ὁμοίως: αἱ μὲν γὰρ ἡδεῖαι γίγνονται ἄν τις ᾖ
συνήθης, αἱ δ᾽ εὐθὺς ἡδεῖαι, οἷον κυνηγία καὶ πᾶσα θηρευτική: ὅπου γὰρ ἅμιλλα, ἐνταῦθα καὶ νίκη ἔστιν: διὸ καὶ ἡ δικανικὴ καὶ ἡ ἐριστικὴ ἡδέα τοῖς εἰθισμένοις καὶ δυναμένοις. [16] καὶ τιμὴ καὶ εὐδοξία τῶν ἡδίστων διὰ τὸ γίγνεσθαι φαντασίαν ἑκάστῳ ὅτι τοιοῦτος οἷος ὁ σπουδαῖος,
καὶ μᾶλλον ὅταν φῶσιν οὓς οἴεται ἀληθεύειν. τοιοῦτοι δ᾽ οἱ ἐγγὺς μᾶλλον τῶν πόρρω, καὶ οἱ συνήθεις καὶ οἱ πολῖται τῶν ἄπωθεν, καὶ οἱ ὄντες τῶν μελλόντων, καὶ οἱ φρόνιμοι ἀφρόνων, καὶ πολλοὶ ὀλίγων: μᾶλλον γὰρ εἰκὸς ἀληθεύειν τοὺς εἰρημένους τῶν ἐναντίων: ἐπεὶ ὧν τις πολὺ
καταφρονεῖ, ὥσπερ παιδίων ἢ θηρίων, οὐδὲν μέλει τῆς τούτων τιμῆς ἢ τῆς δόξης αὐτῆς γε τῆς δόξης χάριν, ἀλλ᾽ εἴπερ, δι᾽ ἄλλο τι. [17] καὶ ὁ φίλος τῶν ἡδέων: τό τε γὰρ φιλεῖν ἡδύ （οὐδεὶς γὰρ φίλοινος μὴ χαίρων οἴνῳ） καὶ τὸ φιλεῖσθαι ἡδύ: φαντασία γὰρ καὶ ἐνταῦθα τοῦ ὑπάρχειν
αὐτῷ τὸ ἀγαθὸν εἶναι, οὗ πάντες ἐπιθυμοῦσιν οἱ αἰσθανόμενοι: τὸ δὲ φιλεῖσθαι ἀγαπᾶσθαί ἐστιν αὐτὸν δι᾽ αὑτόν. [18] καὶ τὸ θαυμάζεσθαι ἡδὺ διὰ τὸ αὐτὸ τῷ τιμᾶσθαι. καὶ τὸ κολακεύεσθαι καὶ ὁ κόλαξ ἡδέα: φαινόμενος γὰρ θαυμαστὴς καὶ φαινόμενος φίλος ὁ κόλαξ ἐστίν. [19] καὶ τὸ ταὐτὰ πράττειν
πολλάκις ἡδύ: τὸ γὰρ σύνηθες ἡδὺ ἦν. [20] καὶ τὸ μεταβάλλειν ἡδύ: εἰς φύσιν γὰρ γίγνεται τὸ μεταβάλλειν: τὸ γὰρ αὐτὸ ἀεὶ ὑπερβολὴν ποιεῖ τῆς καθεστώσης ἕξεως, ὅθεν εἴρηται “μεταβολὴ πάντων γλυκύ.
” Eur. Orest. 234 διὰ τοῦτο γὰρ καὶ τὰ διὰ χρόνου ἡδέα ἐστίν, καὶ ἄνθρωποι καὶ
πράγματα: μεταβολὴ γὰρ ἐκ τοῦ παρόντος ἐστίν, ἅμα δὲ καὶ σπάνιον τὸ διὰ χρόνου. [21] καὶ τὸ μανθάνειν καὶ τὸ θαυμάζειν ἡδὺ ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολύ: ἐν μὲν γὰρ τῷ θαυμάζειν τὸ ἐπιθυμεῖν μαθεῖν ἐστιν, ὥστε τὸ θαυμαστὸν ἐπιθυμητόν, ἐν δὲ τῷ μανθάνειν τὸ εἰς τὸ κατὰ φύσιν καθίστασθαι. [22] καὶ τὸ εὖ ποιεῖν καὶ τὸ
εὖ πάσχειν τῶν ἡδέων: τὸ μὲν γὰρ εὖ πάσχειν τυγχάνειν ὧν ἐπιθυμοῦσι,
Ars Rhetorica. Aristotle. W. D. Ross. Oxford. Clarendon Press. 1959.
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