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Ἡμέας δέ: i. e. as opposed to Alexander. For δέ cf. ch. 68 α n.
The Athenians brought on the war by helping the Ionians (v. 97 f.) when the Spartans had refused. The Spartan conveniently forgets the message to Cyrus (i. 152) and the outrage on the herald (vii. 133). περὶ τῆς ὑμετέρης ἀρχῆς: MSS. Such a reference to the Athenian Empire is too naïve an anachronism, nor is it supported by the praise of Athens as a liberator (Blakesley, Rawlinson), for this refers to the Epigoni and the Heracleids in the mythical age, as is shown by τὸ πάλαι (§ 3), cf. ix. 27. Hence ἀρχῆθεν (cf. ch. 22. 2 ad fin.） must be read.
ἄλλως according to Stein = χωρίς, ‘apart from,’ for which cf. iii. 82. 5; ix. 26. 6, but the use is unexampled and but weakly supported by ἄλλος τινος, diversus ab aliquo (iii. 8. 1). Matthiae and Abicht make αἰτίους do double duty: ‘that Athenians, the cause of all this, should become the cause of.’ καρπῶν ... διξῶν: two harvests, i.e. that of the past and of the coming summer, since it would seem that but few were able to sow that autumn as Themistocles advised (ch. 109. 4).
οἰκετέων ἐχόμενα: for the periphrasis cf. i. 120. 3, &c. ἐπιθρέψειν: here and in 144. 3 ad fin. ‘maintain’, since the children are not sufficiently clearly indicated to justify the special sense ‘bring up’ (as in i. 123. 1).
τύραννος ... τυράννῳ. Both Alexander and Mardonius (or rather his master Xerxes) were really legitimate national kings, not tyrants, and H. himself calls the kings of Macedon βασιλεύς, though he styles the monarchy τυραννίς (ch. 137. 2). The opprobrious term is dramatically appropriate in the mouth of an enemy (cf. for the opposite case vii. 161 n.). Further, the tyrants of Ionia had been the natural allies of the Mede (iv. 137, &c.), and, as the ‘Holy Alliance’ and Dreikaiserbund have shown, there is a certain natural affinity between monarchies.
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