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πικρός. The brackishness of the South Russian rivers near their mouth is due to their slow current, which allows the admixture of the sea water. The story about the Exampaeus fountain may be an attempt to explain the fact, which H. was told when at Exampaeus (if he had not visited this place (81. 2 n.) he is convicted of grave prevarication); Reinach, however, says (A. R. M. p. 170) the Boug actually has a tributary which is still called ‘Miortovod’ (i. e. dead water). Exampaeus is rightly explained as ‘sacred ways’; for the latter part of the word cf. <*> of Germ. ‘pfad’, perhaps found also in Ἀργιππαῖοι (23. 5); the E in ‘Exampaeus’ may be privative; Müllenhoff, D. A. iii. 105.

ἐν ὀλίγοισι, ‘unusually large’; cf. ix. 41. 1.

ἀροτήρων: H. calls these agricultural Scyths Callippidae and Alizones; he places them between the Boug and the Dnieper (17. 2).

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