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20. ἐνεόχμωσε = enewte/rise In sense this is pluperf. The verb occurs in Herod, but only here in Attic. Thuc. thought of the fate of Agamemnon, Teucer, and other heroes.
καὶ στάσεις—two things are not clear, (1) whether the disturbances alluded to are intended to be connected with the return from Troy, or merely to be an explanation of ὥστε μὴ ἡσυχάσασαν αὐ.; (2) how Βοιωτοί τε γάρ is connected with what precedes. The passage is commonly referred to as though γάρ introduced an illustration of the στάσεις, but Steup (who thinks γάρ spurious) rightly points out that we hear nothing of στάσις in the matter of the migrations referred to. If γάρ is retained, we must assume that the migrations are introduced as an illustration of the general unrest that continued; i e. the γάρ refers rather to 12.1 than to the immediately preceding sentence.
21. ὡς ἐπὶ πολύ—for the most part, ‘in most cases.’
ἀφ᾽ ὧν—as the result of which, referring to στάσεις.
22. τὰς πόλεις—prob. the article is distributive=cities in each instance (Others, ‘the well-known cities’: but this is rightly objected to by several edd as a strange assumption of knowledge and as clashing awkwardly with ἐν ταῖς πόλεσιν)
Commentary on Thucydides Book 1. E. C. Marchant. 1905. London. MacMillan and Company, Ltd.
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