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μὴ ὑπάρχοντας: an integral part of the subst. inf. clause; hence the μή. ὑπάρχειν has here its primitive meaning, to be the first cause, to be there to begin with, as opposed to ἀμύνεσθαι. Cf. Leg. ix. 879 d μήτε γὰρ ὑπάρχων μήτε ἀμυνόμενος τὸ παράπαν τολμάτω πληγαῖς τὸν τοιοῦτον νουθετεῖν. ἄρχειν is also similarly used in Leg. ix. 869 c ἀμυνόμενος ἄρχοντα χειρῶν πρότερον, but with a different feeling. The asyndeton of two opposites is not unfrequent.— μεταστρέψαντες: which is regularly transitive (e.g. Rep. ii. 367 a μεταστρέφοντες αὐτοῖν τὴν δύναμιν, utriusque vim pervertentes) is used here absolutely in the sense reversing the matter. Cf. Hom. β 67 θεῶν δ᾽ ὑποδείσατε μῆνιν,|μή τι μεταστρέψωσιν (cause a reverse) ἀγασσάμενοι κακὰ ἔργα.
τῇ ἰσχύι: corresponds to εὖ ἔχων τὸ σῶμα, as τέχνῃ to πυκτικὸς γενόμενος, so that both are considered dependent upon training.οὐκ ὀρθῶς: a case of litotes.
οἱ μὴ χρώμενοι: equiv. to οἳ ἂν μὴ χρῶνται ὄρθῶς. Hence the μή.
35 f. πρὸς απαντας: as above, 456 d.
ἔμβραχυ: denotes what is otherwise expressed by ὡς ἐν βραχεῖ (συνελόντι) εἰπεῖν, and shows that the following περὶ ὅτου ἂν βούληται is absolutely without limitation.
Gonzalez Lodge. Commentary on Plato Gorgias. Ginn & Company. Boston and London. 1891.
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