[441] “Corripuit sese et tectis citus extulit altis” 11. 462: whence some of Pierius' MSS. had ‘altis’ for ‘ingens’ here. Ὣς εἰπὼν πυλέων ἐξέσσυτο φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ, Il. 7. 1. Ὀξὺ δόρυ κραδάων, Il. 13. 583.
[443] ‘Antheus’ 1. 181. For the lengthening of the first ‘que’ see Excursus to this book.
[444] Fluit as in 11. 236, “Fluuntque ad regia plenis Tecta viis.” Pal. has ‘ruit.’ ‘Caecus,’ dark, blinding (Heyne): something as in 5. 589, “caecis parietibus:” 3. 203., 8. 253, “caeca caligine.” ‘Pulvere miscetur campus:’ the plain is a confusion of dust: comp. perhaps “miscentur moenia luctu” 2. 298; “misceri murmure caelum,” “clamoribus aequor,” 4. 160, 411.
[445] Comp. 7. 722, “Scuta sonant pulsuque pedum conterrita tellus:” Enn. A. 311 has a ruder alliteration, “Africa terribili tremit horrida terra tumultu.” “Pedum pulsu” ib. Trag. 391. ‘Excita,’ wakened; comp. “tonitru caelum omne ciebo” 4. 122. Virg. may have been thinking of the language of Lucr. 2.328 foll., “subterque virum vi Excitur pedibus sonitus.” (Wagn.) Wagn. unnecessarily takes ‘excita’ as = “exterrita” (comp. 7. 376).
[446] Agmine Rom. for ‘aggere,’ which is confirmed by Serv. ‘Aggere,’ probably the bank of the fortifications: though Virg. may be thinking of Il. 20. 3 (where Achilles is going out to the war), Τρῶες δ᾽ αὖθ᾽ ἑτέρωθεν ἐπὶ θρωσμῷ πεδίοιο, &c. For the repetition ‘vidit,’ ‘videre,’ comp. 7. 516, “Audiit et Triviae longe lacus, audiit amnis,” &c.
[447] Gelidusque, &c. 2. 120: comp. 6. 54.
[448] “Primus ante omnis” 2. 40. Iuturna, v. 224 above.
[449] Adgnoscit Pal.
[450] Campos Pal. originally for ‘campo.’ ‘Atrum,’ probably of the appearance of the host in the distance: comp. Il. 4. 281 (where an advancing army is compared to a cloud), Δήϊον ἐς πόλεμον πυκιναὶ κίνυντο φάλαγγες Κυάνεαι, σάκεσίν τε καὶ ἔγχεσι πεφρικυῖαι: so 7. 525, “Atraque late Horrescit strictis seges ensibus.” Heyne thinks it = black with dust. ‘Rapit’ as in 10. 308, “Rapit acer Totam aciem in Teucros.”
[451] Sidus seems to be poetically used for “procella:” an extension of its use as = “weather” in 4. 309 (“hiberno moliris sidere classem”), and 11. 260, “triste Minervae Sidus.” ‘Abrupto sidere’ like “abruptis procellis” G. 3. 259: comp. “rupto turbine” A. 2. 416.
[452] Et Med. for ‘it.’ Comp. for the simile Il. 4. 275 foll., Ὡς δ᾽ ὅτ᾽ ἀπὸ σκοπιῆς εἶδεν νέφος αἰπόλος ἀνήρ, Ἐρχόμενον κατὰ πόντον ὑπὸ Ζεφύροιο ἰωῆς: Τῷ δέ τ᾽ ἄνευθεν ἐόντι μελάντερον ἠΰτε πίσσα, Φαίνετ᾽ ἰὸν κατὰ πόντον, ἄγει δέ τε λαίλαπα πολλήν: Π̔ίγησέν τε ἰδών, ὑπό τε σπέος ἤλασε μῆλα: Τοῖαι ἅμ᾽ Αἰάντεσσι &c.: 13. 795 foll., Οἱ δ᾽ ἴσαν, ἀργαλέων ἀνέμων ἀτάλαντοι ἀέλλῃ, Ἥ ῥά θ᾽ ὑπὸ βροντῆς πατρὸς Διὸς εἶσι πέδονδε, &c. (Cerda.) See also Il. 16. 364. ‘Miseris,’ &c., with its melancholy tone, is not Homeric. ‘Longe,’ far away on the land.
[453] “Ruinam dare” in a different sense 2. 310., 11. 614. See on 10. 396. ‘Dare’ as in v. 383 above, “dare funera:” comp. G. 3. 247. Virg. was perhaps thinking of Lucr. 1.288, “Dat sonitu magno stragem, volvitque sub undis Grandia saxa, ruit qua quicquid fluctibus obstat” (see Munro in ed. 3).
[454] Ruit Med., and so the MSS. of Diomedes 436.
[455] For ‘volant’ Med. has ‘volans,’ after which it punctuates instead of after ‘late:’ so Pal. corrected and originally Gud. ‘Volant’ gives the better sense: and ‘volans’ was probably due to the initial letter of ‘sonitum.’
[456] Rhoeteius: 3. 108 note.
[457] Coactis Med. originally, Pal., Rom., Verona fragm., Gud., and two other of Ribbeck's cursives: ‘coacti’ Med. corrected, to which Wagn. seems inclined. But ‘densi’ and ‘coacti’ together would be awkward, and hardly justifiable by the passages which Wagn. quotes on 8. 559. ‘Densi,’ &c.: “densentur, ut cuneatim dimicent: scilicet in cuneorum modum conpositi, ut hostem facilius invaderent” Serv., which looks perhaps as if he read ‘coacti.’ “Congregari in cuneos” of soldiers Tac. Hist. 4. 20: comp. Caesar, B. G. 6. 40, &c. (Forc.) “Cuneis coactis” in a different sense 7. 509. See on 10. 396. ‘Cuneis coactis’ abl. abs., not for “in cuneos.”
[458] Gravem, as Wagn. rightly says, refers to his bulk: comp. 5. 437., 10. 207, &c. Serv. thinks it = “fortem,” Heyne “gravem auctoritate, annis.” The name Thymbraeus is from Il. 11. 320.
[459] ‘Arcetium’ Pal., Rom., Verona fragm., Gud., with another of Ribbeck's cursives, ‘Archetium’ Med., and so Heyne and Wagn.
[460] “Ufens” 7. 745., 8. 6, &c. Tolumnius, v. 258 above.
[461] Nearly repeated, no doubt purposely, from v. 266 above. Ribbeck, missing the point of the repetition, thinks the line may be due to interpolation. Rom. has ‘aversos’ for ‘adversos,’ and ‘torsit in’ (see v. 266) for ‘torserat.’
[462] “Tollitur in caelum clamor” Enn. A. 422.
[463] Pulverulenta fuga, clouded with dust in their flight. “Fuga dare terga” G. 4. 85.
[464] Aversos Rom., Verona fragm. (by a second hand), and the MS. known as the ‘Oblongus’ of Pierius. ‘Adversos’ Med., Pal., Gud., and two other of Ribbeck's cursives. ‘Aversos’ is plainly required by the sense. Comp. 10. 732 (of Mezentius), “Atque idem fugientem haud est dignatus Oroden Sternere,” &c. ‘Ipse,’ to distinguish Aeneas from Mnestheus, Achates, and Gyas. ‘Sternere morti’ for “sternere ad mortem:” comp. “ter leto sternendus erat” 8. 566; “deiecit leto” 10. 319.
[465] Nec equo for ‘aequo’ Serv., and so some inferior copies: ‘aequo’ in Med. is corrected for ‘equo.’ So Med. originally gives ‘equus’ for ‘aequus’ 7. 540., 9. 56., 11. 861., 12. 218 (Wagn.). The confusion between ‘e’ and ‘ae’ is common in MSS. The distinction is between ‘congressos’ and ‘ferentis:’ those who have already met him and those who are going to attack him. ‘Pede aequo’ seems to mean ‘in fair fight,’ though it is hard to find a parallel for the expression.
[466] Caligine, the cloud of dust and arrows. “Caligine turbidus atra Pulvis” 11. 876. ‘Denso’ Rom. for ‘densa.’ With the whole passage Heyne comp. Il. 16. 731.
