Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia, P., Par′al-lel Rul′er.

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19th-Century American

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chapter : entry
entry

Table of Contents:

Pach-om′e-ter.

Pack′ag-ing-ma-chine′.

Pack′et-note.

Pack′ing-awl.

Pack′ing-bolt.

Pack′ing-box.

Pack′ing-press.

Pack′ing-ring.

Pack′ing-stick.

Pack-sad′dle.

Pad-crimp press.

Pad′ding-ma-chine′.

Pad′dle-box boat.

Pad′dle-hole.

Pad′dle-pro-pel′ler.

Pad′dle-wheel.

Pad-trace Bear′er.

Pad-u-a-soy′.

Pae-dom′e-ter.

Pag′ing-ma-chine′.

Pail-ma-chine′.

Paint-burn′er.

Pair-horse Har′ness.

Paix ′han gun.

Pal′ate, Artifi′cial.

Pal′ette-knife.

Pal′ier-glis′sant.

Pal′imp-sest.

Pal-la′di-um-izing.

Pallam-poor′.

Pal′let-mold′ing.

Pal-li-asse′.

Palm-leaf loom.

Pan-a-ma′ hat.

Pan-de′an pipes.

Panei-cono-graph.

Pan′el-plane.

Pan′el-rais′er.

Pan-ic′o-graph.

Pan-nus-co′ri-um.

Pan-o-ram′ic Cam′e-ra.

Panste-re-o-ra′ma.

Pan-tel′e-graph.

Pan′to-chro-nom′e-ter.

Pan′to-graph.

Pan-tom′e-ter.

Pa′per-bag ma-chine′.

Pa′per-box ma-chine′.

Pa′per-clamp.

Pa′per cloth.

Pa′per Col′lar.

Pa′per-col′or-ing ma-chine′.

Pa′per-cut′ter.

Pa′per-cut′ting ma-chine′.

Pa′per-en-am′el-ing ma-chine′.

Pa′per-feed′er.

Pa′per floor-cloth.

Pa′per-fold′er.

Pa′per-fold′ing ma-chine′.

Pa′per-hang′ing.

Pa′per hot-press.

Pa′per-knife.

Pa′per-mak′ing ma-chine′.

Pa′per-mold′ing ma-chine′.

Pa′per-mus′lin.

Pa′per-per′fo-rating ma-chine′.

Pa′per-pol′ish-ing ma-chine′.

Pa′per-punch.

Pa′per-rul′ing ma-chine′.

Pa′per-split′ting.

Pa′per-stock Bleach′er.

Pa′per-stock Wash′er.

Pa′per-tube ma-chine′.

Pa′per-twine.

Pa′per Wa′ter-proof′ing Machine′.

Pa′per-weight.

Pa′pier-mache′.

Par-a-bol′ic Il-lu′mi-na′tor.

Par-a-bol′ic Reflect′or.

Par′a-cen-te′ri-um.

Par-a-chute′.

Par-a-chute′--light.

Par-a-chute′--light ball.

Par′a-gran′di-ne.

Par-a-grele′.

Par′al-lel bar.

Par′al-lel file.

Par′al-lel knife.

Par′al-lel lathe.

Par′al-lel Mo′tion.

Par′al-lel Rul′er.

Par′al-lel vise.

Para-ton-nerre.

Par′cel-ing-ma-chine′.

Parch′ment-pa′per.

Par′ing-ma-chine′.

Par′ing-plow.

Paring-scis′sors.

Par-is′ian gold-col′ored Al′loy.

Par-is′ian white-metal.

Pa-risth′mi-o-tome.

Par′lia-ment-heel.

Par′lor-skate.

Pa′ros-mar′ble.

Par′point-work.

Par′ral-rope.

Par′rott-gun.

Part′ing-sand.

Pas-de-sou′ris.

Passe-par-tout′.

Pass′ing-place.

Pasteboard-cut ′ter.

Paste-mak′er.

Pat ′a-mome-ter.

Pa-tel′la-ap′Pa-ra′tus.

Pat ′ent Leath ′er.

Pat ′e-re′ro.

Pa′ter-nos′ter — pump.

Pa′ter-nos′ter-wheel.

Pat ′tern-box.

Pat ′tern-cyl′in-der.

Pat ′tern-makers' Ap-pli′an-ces.

Pat ′tern-wheel.

Pat ′tin-son's pots.

Pa-vil′lon-chi-nois′.

Pav′ing-bee′tle.

Pav′ing-ma-chine′.

Pav′ing-roll′er.

Pav′ing-tile.

Peach-par′er.

Peach-ston′er.

Pea-drop′per.

Peak-hal′yards.

Pea′nut-dig′ger.

Pea′nut-pick′er.

Pearl , Arti-fi′cial.

Pearl-barley ma-chine′.

Pearl-but′ton.

Pearl ′ing-mill.

Pearl-pow′der.

Pea-shell′er.

Peat-burn′ing Furnace.

Peat-cut ′ter.

Peat-ma-chine′.

Peb′ble-pav′ing.

Pedal-or′gan.

Ped′es-tal-cov′er.

Ped′i-ment-ba-rom′e-ter.

Pe-dom′e-ter.

Peel ′ing-i′ron.

Peg-cut ′ter.

Peg′ging-awl.

Peg′ging-ma-chine′.

Peg′ging-ram′mer.

Pei-ram′e-ter.

Pel′le-tan-jet.

Pel-vim′e-ter.

Pely-com′e-ter.

Pen′cil-com′pass.

Pen′cil-sharpen-er.

Pen′dant-wind′ing watch.

Pendu-lous-cylin-der steam-en′gine.

Pen′du-lum-hausse.

Pen′du-lum-lev′el.

Pen′du-lum-pump.

Pen′du-lum-wheel.

Pen′du-lum-wire.

Pen-i-cil′lus.

Pe′nis-syringe.

Pen′nis-tone.

Pen′ta-graph.

Per-am′bu-lator.

Per-ca-line′.

Per′co-la-tor.

Per-cus′sion-cap.

Per-cus′sion-cap Filling-ma-chine.

Per-cus′sion-cap Hold′--er.

Per-cus′sion-cap Trim′ming-ma-chine.

Per-cus′sion-fuse.

Per-cus′sion-grind′er.

Per-cus′sion-lock.

Per-cus′sion-pow′der.

Per-cus′sion-sieve.

Per-cus′sionstop.

Per-cus′sionta′ble.

Per′fect-ing.

Per′fect-ing-press.

Per′fo-rat′ed file.

Per′fo-rated saw.

Per′fo-rat′ing-ma-chine′.

Per′fo-rator, Ob-stet′ric.

Per′i-a′gua.

Pe-ri-od′o-scope.

Peri-os′te-um-el′e-va-tor.

Per′i-scop′ic lens.

Per′ma-nent way.

Per-mu-ta′tion-lock.

Per′pen-dic′u-lar lift.

Per-pet′u-al Mo′tion.

Per-pet′u-al screw.

Per-ro-tine′.

Per′sian Carpet.

Per′sian drill.

Per′sian wheel.

Per-spec′tive-glass.

Per-spec′tive-instru-ment.

Per-spec′to-graph.

Pe-tro′le-um.

Pe-tro′le-um-burn′er.

Pe-tro′le-um-car.

Pe-trole-um-fil′ter.

Pe-tro′le-um-fur′nace.

Pe-tro′le-um-lamp.

Pe-tro′le-um-still.

Pe-tro′le-um-stove.

Pe-tro′le-umtank.

Pe-tro′le-umtest′er.

Pet′ti-coat-pipe.

Pew′ter-er's Sol′der.

Pew′ter-er's Tem′per.

Pha′co-cys′tec-tome.

Phan-tasma-go′ri-a.

Phan′ta-scope.

Pha-ryn′go-tome.

Phena-kis′to-scope.

Pho-nau′to-graph.

Pho′no-graph.

Pho′no-scope.

Phos′phor bronze.

Phos-phor′o-scope.

Phos′pho-rus-paste.

Pho′to-e-lec′tric lamp.

Pho′to-e-lec′tro-type.

Pho′to-en-grav′ing.

Pho′to-gal-van′o-graph.

Pho′to-gel′a-tine Pro′cess.

Pho-to-gen′ic Draw′ing.

Pho-to-glyph′ic En-grav′ing.

Pho-to-glyp′tic En-grav′ing.

Pho′to-graph-e-namel.

Pho-to-graph′ic Cam′e-ra.

Pho-to-graph′ic Cam′e-ra-stand.

Pho-to-graph′ic chair.

Pho-to-graph′ic Cut′ter.

Pho-to-graph′ic head-rest.

Pho-to-graph′ic mi-crom′e-ter.

Pho-to-graph′ic Print′ing.

Pho-togra-phom′e-ter.

Pho-tog′ra-phy

Photo-he′li-o-graph.

Photo-hy-al′o-type.

Pho′to-in-tagl′io En-graving.

Photo-li-thogra-phy.

Pho′to-me-chan′i-cal Print′ing.

Pho′to-me-tallo-graph.

Pho-tom′e-ter.

Photo-mi-cog′ra-phy.

Pho′to-pro′cess-es.

Pho′to-re-lief′ En-grav′ing.

Pho′to-scope.

Pho′to-sculp′ture.

Pho′to-vit′ro-type.

Photo-zin-cog′ra-phy.

Phthon-gom′e-ter.

Pi-a′no-for′te.

Pi-a′no-for′te Ac′tion.

Pi-a′no-for′te Ham ′mer.

Pi-a′no-graph.

Pi-a′no-jack.

Pi-a′no-lock.

Pi-a′no-move′ment.

Pi-a′no-stool.

Pio ′co-lo-flute.

Pick′er-mo′tion.

Pick′er-staff.

Pick′et-clamp.

Pick′et-point′er.

Pick-ham′mer.

Pick′ing cloth.

Pick′ing-peg.

Pick′ing-stick.

Pic′ture-nail.

Pierc′ing-file.

Pierc′ing-saw.

Pierre per-due′.

Pi-e′tra Du′ra.

Pie-zom′e-ter.

Pig′eon, Me-chan′i-cal.

Pig-i′ron Break′er.

Pig′mentprint′ing.

Pile-car′pet.

Piled-fab′ric loom.

Pile-draw′er.

Pile-driv′er.

Pile-fab′ric.

Pile-sup-port′er.

Pile-with-draw′ing ma-chine′.

Pil′lar-block.

Pil′lar-com′pass.

Pil′lar-file.

Pill-ma-chine′.

Pil′low-block.

Pil′low-lace.

Pi-lon′--mill.

Pi′lot-cloth.

Pi′lot-en′gine.

Pinch′ing-bar.

Pinch′ing-nut.

Pinch′ing-pin.

Pinch′ing-tongs.

Pine-leaf Fab′ric.

Pine-wood still.

Pin′ion-file.

Pin′ion-gage.

Pin′ion-wire.

Pink′ing–i′ron.

Pin′ning–in.

Pin–pa′per-ing ma-chine′.

Pipe–clear′er.

Pipe–coup′ling.

Pipe–cut′ter.

Pipe-driv′er.

Pipe-mold′ing.

Pipe-prov′er.

Pipe-slotting punch.

Pipe-sock′et-ing ma-chine′.

Pipe-thread′ing ma-chine′.

Pip′ing-i′ron.

Pi-que′--work.

Pi-ram′e-ter.

Pi-se — work.

Pis′tol-car′bine.

Pis′tol-pipe.

Pis′tol-rout′er.

Pis′ton-bel′lows.

Pis′ton Blow′ing-ma-chine′.

Pis′ton-head.

Pis′ton-head valve.

Pis′ton-pack′ing.

Pis′ton–rod.

Pis′ton–rod Pack′ing.

Pis′ton–spring.

Pis′ton–valve.

Pitch–back wheel.

Pitch–cir′cle.

Pitched Fas-cine′.

Pitch′ing–piece.

Pitch′ing–tool.

Pitch–wheels.

Pit′man–box.

Pit′man–coup′ling.

Pit′man–head.

Pi-tot's′ tube.

Piv′ot-bridge.

Piv′ot-broach.

Piv′ot-drill.

Piv′ot-gear′ing.

Piv′ot-lathe.

Piv′ot-tooth.

Piv′ot-tran′som.

Pla-cen′ta-for′ceps.

Pla-cen′ta-hook.

Plain-com′pass.

Plain-mold′ing.

Plait′ed rope.

Plait′ing-at-tach′ment for Sew′ing-ma-chines′.

Plan-chette′.

Plane-ash′lar.

Plan′er-cen′ters.

Plane-sur′face.

Plane-ta′ble.

Plan-et-a′ri-um.

Plan′et-gear.

Plan′et-wheel.

Pla-nim′e-ter.

Plan′ing-ma-chine′.

Plan′ish-ing.

Plan′ish-ing-ham′mer.

Plan′ish-ing-roll′ers.

Plan′ish-ing-stake.

Plan′i-sphere.

Plank ′ing-clamp.

Plank ′ing-ma-chine′.

Plank ′ing-screw.

Plank-re-vet′ment.

Pla′no-con′cave lens.

Pla′no-con′vex lens.

Pla-nom′e-ter.

Plan-ta′tion-mill.

Plaq′uage-style.

Plas′ter-cast.

Plas′ter-ers' tools and work.

Plas′ter-ing-ma-chine′.

Plas′ter-mill.

Plas′ter-spat′u-la.

Plate-bend ′ing ma-chine′.

Plate-en-grav′ing.

Plate-hold′er.

Plate-i′ron Gird′er.

Plate-leath′er.

Plate-pa′per.

Plate-plan′ing ma-chine′.

Plate-pow′der.

Plate-print′ing ma-chine′.

Plate-rail′way.

Plate-roll′er.

Plate-warm′er.

Plat′form-board.

Plat′form-bridge.

Plat′form-car.

Plat′form-car′riage.

Plat′form-crane.

Plat′form-scale.

Plat′i-niz-ing.

Plat′i-num-steel.

Pla-tom′e-ter.

Plat′ ten -ing glass.

Plensh′ing-nail.

Plex-im′e-ter.

Plot′ting-scale.

Plow-clean′er.

Plug-cen′ter bit.

Plug′ging-for′ceps.

Plug-ma-chine′.

Plumb ′er-block.

Plumber's force-pump.

Plumb ′er's Sol′der.

Plumb ′ing and sheet-met′al work and tools.

Plumb-lev′el.

Plum ′mer-block.

Plum ′met-lev′el.

Plun′ger-buck′et.

Plun′ger-pole.

Plun′ger-pump.

Plun′ging-bat′ter-y.

Plun′ging-fire.

Plush-cop′per.

Pluvi-am′e-ter.

Pneu-mat′ic Bat′ter-y.

Pneu-mat′ic Cais′son.

Pneu-mat′ic car.

Pneu-mat′ic dis-patch′--tube.

Pneu-mat′ic drill.

Pneu-mat′ic El′e-va′tor.

Pneu-mat′ic Ham ′mer.

Pneu-mat′ic hoist.

Pneu-mat′ic Le′ver.

Pneu-mat′ic Par′a-dox.

Pneu-mat′ic pile.

Pneu-mat′ic pump.

Pneu-mat′ic Rail′way.

Pneu-mat′ic spring.

Pneu-mat′ic Tel′e-graph.

Pneu-mat′ic trough.

Pneu-mat′ic tube.

Pneu-mat′ic tube-valve.

Pneu-mat′ic valve.

Pneuma-tom′e-ter; Pneumo-nom′e-ter .

Pock′et-a-larm′.

Pock′et-book.

Pock′et-knife.

Point′ed arch.

Point′ing-ma-chine′.

Point′ing-rods.

Point′ing-wire.

Point-pa′per.

Po′lar Cir′cle.

Po′lar clock.

Po′lar Di′al.

Po-lar′i-scope.

Polar-is-tro-bom′e-ter.

Pole-car′riage.

Pole-futch′el.

Po-lem′o-scope.

Pole-pro-pel′ler.

Pol′ished brick.

Pol′ish-ing-block.

Pol′ish-ing-cask.

Pol′ish-ing-file.

Pol′ish-ing glass.

Pol′ish-ing-ham′mer.

Pol′ish-ing-i′ron.

Pol′ish-ing-ma-chine′.

Pol′ish-ing-ma-te′ri-als.

Pol′ish-ing-mill.

Pol′ish-ing Nee′dles.

Pol′ish-ing-pow′der.

Pol′ish-ing-slate.

Pol′ish-ing-snake.

Pol′ish-ing-tin.

Pol′ish-ing-wheel.

Pol′y-chrome.

Pol-ym′e-ter.

Poly-op′tron.

Poly-pan′to-graph.

Pol′y-pus-for′ceps.

Poly-zo′nal lens.

Pon′til; Pon′ty ; Pon′tee .

Pon-ton′--bridge.

Po′ny-chaise.

Po′ny-en′gine.

Poop-lan′tern.

Pop′pet-head.

Por′ce-lain-cem′ent.

Por′ce-lain-gild′ing.

Por′ce-lain-mill.

Por′ce-lain-ov′en.

Por′ce-lain-pa′per.

Por′ce-lain-pic′ture.

Por′ce-lain-print′ing.

Porch-post Sup-port′.

Porphy-ri-za′tion.

Port′a-ble boat.

Port′a-ble Boil′er and Fur′nace.

Port′a-ble Der′rick.

Port′a-ble fence.

Port′a-ble Fur′nace.

Port′a-ble press.

Port′a-ble pump.

Port′a-ble Rail′way.

Port′a-ble steam-en′gine.

Port′a-ble stove.

Port-cul′lis.

Porte-ai-guille′.

Porte-bou-gie′.

Porte-caus-tique.

Porte-cor′don.

Porte-cray′on.

Porte-mon-naie′.

Porte-pi-erre′.

Porte-pol′ish-er.

Port-fire Clip′per.

Port-fol′io-stand.

Port-hole Clos′er.

Port′land Cement.

Port-lan′yard.

Port-man′teau.

Port mouth-bit.

Port-pen′dant.

Port-rig′gle.

Port-tack′le.

Pos′ing-appa-ra′tus.

Po-si′tion-mi-crom′--e-ter.

Pos′i-tive eye-piece.

Pos′i-tive Mo′tion.

Pos′i-tive-mo′tion loom.

Post′age-stamp.

Post and stall.

Post-hole Bor′er.

Post-hole Dig′ger.

Post-mor′tem case.

Post-of′fice box. 1 .

Post-pull′er.

Post-tab′u-la.

Po′tance-file.

Po-tas′si-um.

Po-ta′to-as-sort′er.

Po-ta′to-bug Clean′er.

Po-ta′to-dig′ger.

Po-ta′to-hook.

Po-ta′to-mash′er.

Po-ta′to-plant′er.

Po-ta′to-scoop.

Po-ta′to-sepa-ra′tor.

Po-ta′to-wash′er.

Potch′er-en′gine.

Poti-cho-ma′ni-a.

Pot′ter's lathe.

Pot′ter's wheel.

Pot′ter-y and clay.

Pot′ter-y-gage.

Pot′ter-y-kiln.

Pot′ter-y-mold′ing.

Pot′ter-y-paint′ing.

Pot′ter-y-print′ing.

Pot′ter-y-tis′sue.

Pot′ting-cask.

Pou-de-soy; Pad′e-soy ; Pod′de-soy .

Poul′tice-boot.

Poul′try-feed′er.

Pounce-pa′per.

Pouncing-ma-chine′.

Pounding-ma-chine′.

Pow′der-blow′er.

Powder-ing-mill.

Pow′der-mix′er.

Pow′der-prover.

Pow′er-ham′mer.

Poz′zu-o-la′na.

Praying-ma-chine′.

Pre-pon′der-ance.

Preser-va′tion of food.

Pre-serv′a-to-ry.

Pre-serve′--jar.

Pre-serv′ing wood.

Presse-ar-ter′.

Press′er-fly′er.

Press′er-foot.

Presse-u-rethre′.

Press′ing-bag.

Press′ing-board.

Press′ing-plate.

Press′ing-roll′er.

Press-print′ing.

Press′ure-blow′er.

Press′ure-en′gine.

Pressure-fil′ter.

Press′ure-forg′ing.

Press′ure-frame.

Press′ure-gage.

Press-wheel Roll′er.

Prick′ing-wheel.

Prime-con-duct′or.

Prim ′ing-horn.

Prim ′ing-powder.

Prim ′ing-tube.

Prim ′ing-valve.

Prim ′ing-wire.

Prince Ru ′pert's Met′al.

Prince 's Met′al.

Prin′ci-pal Raft′er.

Print′ed Car′pet.

Print′er's Flow′er.

Print′er's gage.

Print′er's Roll′er.

Print′er's Var′nish.

Print-hold′er.

Print′ing-bod′y.

Print′ing for the blind.

Print′ing-frame.

Print′ing-ink.

Print′ing-ma-chine′.

Print′ing-pa′per.

Print′ing-press.

Print′ing-tel′e-graph.

Print′ing-type.

Print′ing-wheel.

Print′ing yarn.

Pris-cil′las.

Pris-mat′ic Com′pass.

Prism-mi-crom′e-ter.

Prism-sphe-rom′e-ter.

Proche-ame-ter.

Pro′file-cut′ter.

Pro′file-pa′per.

Pro′fil-ing-ma-chine′.

Pro-jec′tile.

Pro-jec′tion.

Pro-lap′sus-in′stru-ments.

Pro-me′the-an.

Prop′a-gating-box.

Prop′a-gating-glass.

Pro-pel′ler-en′gine.

Pro-pel′ler-pump.

Pro-pel′ler-wheel.

Pro-por′tion-al Com′pass-es.

Pro-por′tion-al or Prim′i-tive Ra′--di-i .

Prop′y-lae′um.

Pros′o-pom′e-ter.

Pro′te-an-stone.

Pro-tec′tive Pa′per.

Pro-tract′ing-bev′el.

Pro-tract′or.

Prov′ing-hutt.

Prov′ing-ma-chine′.

Prov′ing-press.

Prov′ing-pump.

Pro-vis′ion-car.

Prun′ing-chis′el.

Prun′ing-hook.

Prun′ing-knife.

Prun′ing-saw.

Prun′ing-shears.

Prun′ing-tools.

Pseudi-sod′o-mon.

Pseu′do-dipter-al.

Pseu′do-pe-rip′ter-al.

Pseu′do-scope.

Psy-chrom′e-ter.

Pter-yg′i-um.

Pud′ding-stone.

Pud′dled steel.

Pud′dle-rolls.

Pud′dling-fur′nace.

Pud′dling-ma-chine′.

Puff′er-pipe.

Pul′ley-block.

Pul′ley-check.

Pul′ley-clutch.

Pul′ley-drum.

Pul′ley-mor′tised.

Pul′ley-sheave.

Pul′ley-stand.

Pul′ley Sus-pen′--sion-hook.

Pul′ley-wheel.

Pull′ing-jack.

Pull′man-car.

Pulp-boil′er.

Pulp-di-gest′er.

Pulp-dress′er.

Pulp-grind′er.

Pulp′ing-ma-chine′.

Pulp-ma-chine′.

Pulp-strain′er.

Pulp-wash′er.

Pul-som′e-ter; pul-sim′e-ter .

Pul′ver-izer.

Pul′ver-izing.

Pum′ice-stone.

Pump′ing-en′gine.

Pump-ket′tle.

Pump-pis′ton.

Pump-scrap′er.

Punch′ing and Shear′ing ma-chine′.

Punch′ing-bear.

Punch′ing buhl-work.

Punch′ing-ma-chine′.

Punch-pli′ers.

Pu′pil, Arti-fi′cial.

Pup′pet-head.

Pup′pet-valve.

Pur′chase-block.

Purg′ing-cock.

Pur′lin-post.

Push′ing-jack.

Put′tock-shrouds.

Put′ty-knife.

Put′ty-pow′der.

Puz′zle-lock.

Puzzo-la′no; Puozzo-la′no .

Pyc′no-style.

Pyr-heli-om′e-ter.

Py-roph′o-rus.

Pyro-pho-tog′ra-phy.

Pyr′o-ster′e-o-type.

Pyro-tech′nics.

Pyro-tech′nic Bal-loon′.

Py-rox′--line.

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Par′al-lel Rul′er.

A draftsman's instrument, consisting of two wooden or metallic blades, so joined together by jointed cross-pieces as to open to different intervals and yet retain their parallelism.

A still simpler form is a rolling cylinder a.

b is the ordinary form of two--leafed ruler with two links.

c is a two-leafed ruler with cross links.

d is a three-leafed ruler, the middle section being united by links to the main sections.

e is a flat ruler with a pair of grooved wheels, fixed on an axis, rotating in bearing-posts fastened to the ruler.

Fig. 3552 is a form of ruler having a graduated ruling-blade moving in contact with a graduated blade which represents the vertical. In the two parallel arms of the ruler are slots parallel to the edge of the ruler. Through these slots pass pins from the ends of cross-arms, the other extremities of which [1632] are pivoted to the two parts of the ruler; distances apart of the bars are measured on the vertical bar.

Parallel rulers.

Parallel ruler.

1877.

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