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Tram-plate.

The first form of iron railway-rail.

Trammel multiple-gearing.

It was patented by Carr of Sheffield, 1776. Previous to this time, the wooden trams had been protected by malleable iron plates, a practice introduced at Newcastle about 1602. The Coalbrookdale Iron Company substituted cast-iron plates 5 feet long, 4 inches broad, and 1 1/4 inch thick; this was in 1767. Carr was the first to make the iron rail.

Jessop made edgerails of cast-iron in 1789. Birkenshaw introduced the rolled rail in 1820.

Tram-plates.

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