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Verti-cal es-cape′--ment.

The vertical or verge escapement is oldfash-ioned, and has been superseded by more lasting contrivances which admit of a flatter movement.

Vertical planing-machine.

Its inventor is not known. The teeth of the scape-wheel are detained by the pallets on the verge, the upper and lower ones acting alternately. The scape-wheel is a crown-wheel, and its axis is at right angles to that of the verge. This makes its plane of revolution vertical, the plane of oscillation of the balance being assumed to be horizontal. The construction necessitates a certain thickness of watch, which is so familiar in old time-keepers. To reduce the thickness, the planes of revolution were brought into parallelism, which brings us to the next device, called by its then distinguishing characteristic, — the horizontal.

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