E.C. Marchant, Commentary on Thucydides Book 1

περιοίκων—the free, but dependent Lacedaemonians descended from the pre-Dorian inhabitants and living in separate towns.

11. τότε—the descendants of the M. of former times who had been enslaved in the war made up most of the helots. πλεῖστοι is pred.; τότε refers to a well-known occasion, as elsewhere in Thuc. (often too, to some event that has been already recorded by Thuc.)—here to the first Messenian war, after which the Messenians became, as Tyrtaeus says, ὥσπερ ὄνοι μεγάλοις ἄχθεσι τειρόμενοι: δουλωθέντων is epithet, the order being justified by παλαιῶν, cf. c. 11. 3 κατεσχηκότος.

12. ἐκλήθησαν—came to be called; cf. c. 2. 4. οἱ πάντες, sc. Εἵλωτες.

[3] 16. καθελόντες—this and the following aor. partic. are what are called ‘timeless,’ i.e, they denote merely the act, not time anterior to the verb. This happens only when the leading verb is in aorist. Cf. the constn. with ἔτυχον ἔλαθον, ἔφθασα.

17. χρήματά τε κτλ.—the order is ταξάμενοι αὐτίκα ἀποδοῦναι χ. ὅσα ἔδει καὶ τὸ λοιπὸν φέρειν（χ. ὅσα ἔδει), and χ. ὅσα ἔδει is the common object and so is put first. Note the aor. of one act and the pres. of a system. (It is certainly wrong to make ἀποδοῦναι depend only on ἔδει and to render καί also. This would mean that they were always to pay as much as the indemmty now exacted).