Slope.
1. (
Civil Engineering.) An inclined bank of earth on the sides of a cutting or an embankment.
The slope is of varying angle, according to the nature of the soil and the hight of the slope.
The allowance is about as follows:—
| Gravel, sand, or common earth, cuts, or banks, of less than 4 feet | 1 base to 1 vertical. |
| Clay, cuts, or banks of less than 4 feet | 2 base to 1 vertical. |
| Earth, of mixed sand and clay, cuts, or banks of 4 to 15 feet | 1 1/2 base to 1 vertical. |
| Pure gravel or sand, cuts, or banks of 4 to 15 feet | 2 base to 1 vertical. |
| Clay, in banks of 4 to 15 feet | 2 base to 1 vertical. |
| Stratified clay and sand, cuttings of 4 to 15 feet | 3 base to 1 vertical. |
| Broken rock, in banks over 15 feet high | 3 base to 1 vertical. |
| Earth, of mixed sand and clay, cuts, or banks over 15 feet high | 2 base to 1 vertical. |
| Pure gravel or sand, cuts, or banks over 15 feet high | 2 base to 1 vertical. |
| Clay, cuts, or banks over 15 feet high | 3 base to 1 vertical. |
| Stratified clay, in cuttings over 15 feet high | 3 to 4 base to 1 vertical. |
A
revetment or retaining wall at the base of the slope saves excavation.
The natural, strongest, and ultimate form of a slope is a curve, in which the flattest portion is at the bottom.
Cultivation, sodding, and draining are preservatives.
Table representing the ratio of the horizontal to the perpendicular of certain angles of slopes:—
Angle.
75° 58′ = 1/4 horizontal in 1 perpendicular.
63° 28′ = 1/2 horizontal in 1 perpendicular.
53° 8′ = 3/4 horizontal in 1 perpendicular.
45° = 1 horizontal in 1 perpendicular.
38° 40′ = 1 1/4 horizontal in 1 perpendicular.
33° 42′ = 1 1/2 horizontal in 1 perpendicular.
29° 44′ = 1 3/4 horizontal in 1 perpendicular.
26° 34′ = 2 horizontal in 1 perpendicular.
23° 58′ = 2 1/4 horizontal in 1 perpendicular.
21° 48′ = 2 1/2 horizontal in 1 perpendicular.
19° 59′ = 2 3/4 horizontal in 1 perpendicular.
18° 26′ = 3 horizontal in 1 perpendicular.
17° 6′ = 3 1/4 horizontal in 1 perpendicular.
15° 56′ = 3 1/2 horizontal in 1 perpendicular.
14° 55′ = 3 3/4 horizontal in 1 perpendicular.
14° 2′ = 4 horizontal in 1 perpendicular.
13° 15′ = 4 1/4 horizontal in 1 perpendicular.
12° 32′ = 4 1/2 horizontal in 1 perpendicular.
11° 53′ = 4 3/4 horizontal in 1 perpendicular.
11° 19′ = 5 horizontal in 1 perpendicular.
10° 47′ = 5 1/4 horizontal in 1 perpendicular.
10° 18′ = 5 1/2 horizontal in 1 perpendicular.
9° 52′ = 5 3/4 horizontal in 1 perpendicular.
9° 27′ = 6 horizontal in 1 perpendicular.
2. (
Mining.) The dip or inclination of a stratum or vein of ore.
3. (
Fortification.) The inclined surface of the interior, top, or exterior of a parapet or other portion of a work.
See parapet.
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Slope-level. |
