Hun-ga′ri — an Leath′er.
（Leather.) A white leather originally made in and imported from Hungary, but now manufactured in other countries. Mineral salts are substituted for vegetable extracts. The hides are first treated with a mixture of alum and common salt, by which a portion of the sulphate is converted into the chloride of aluminium. An excess of salt keeps the hides supple. The fleshing and scraping processes are proceeded with as in the ordinary modes of tanning, but the hair is removed by shearing instead of liming. The first alum bath has, alum 7 pounds, salt 4 1/2 pounds, water 8 gallons, for each hide of 85 pounds' weight. The temperature is raised to 120° F., and the sides are extended in the bath, hair side up. They are tramped while in the bath; this is three times repeated in warm liquor, the strength of the liquor being maintained. The skins then lie 8 days in the menstruum. The skins are taken out, stretched, and shaken, and then treated by a saline bath as before, but only lying 24 hours in the liquor at the conclusion of the repeated tramping processes. The hides are then drained, partially dried, stretched, suspended by their edges, and exsiccated. See tawing. The skins are tramped and rolled till rendered supple, and are then ready for the oiling process. The oiling material is a mixture of tallow and fish-oil, the ordinary dubbing of the American currier; this is spread by a mop on the flesh and the hair sides of the skins, which are made into a pile flesh side up. An open charcoal fire is then lighted in the room, which is closed air tight, and after an interval, and the opening of the door for the escape of carbonic acid, the workmen enter, and grasping a skin by the ends hold it, flesh side down, over the charcoal fire, at the same time stretching it in all directions. As each side is flamed, it is laid on a table, the pile of warm and greasy hides being covered with a cloth and left to mellow, absorbing the oil and equalizing the heat throughout the mass. The hides are then wiped of superfluous grease; laid across poles, flesh side out; dried, weighed, stamped, and marketed. The result is said to be excellent, no acid, alkali, fermentative, or other destructive application or process detracting from the weight or injuring the cohesion of the tissues.
