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414. With Comparatives and words implying comparison the ablative is used to denote the Degree of Difference:—
  1. quīnque mīlibus passuum distat, it is five miles distant.
  2. ā mīlibus passuum circiter duōbus (B. G. 5.32) , at a distance of about two miles. [For ā as an adverb, see § 433. 3.]
  3. aliquot ante annīs (Tusc. 1.4) , several years before.
  4. aliquantō post suspexit (Rep. 6.9) , a while after, he looked up.
  5. multō vigilāre ācrius (Cat. 1.8) , that I watch much more sharply.
  6. nihilō erat ipse Cyclōps quam ariēs prūdentior (Tusc. 5.115) , the Cyclops himself was not a whit wiser than the ram.

a. The ablatives quō ... ( hōc ), and quantō ... tantō , are used correlatively with comparatives, like the English the ... the 1:—

  1. quō minus cupiditātis, plūs auctōritātis (Liv. 24.28) , the less greed, the more weight (by what the less, by that the more).
  2. quantō erat gravior oppūgnātiō, tantō crēbriōrēs litterae mittēbantur (B. G. 5.45) , the severer the siege was, the more frequently letters were sent.

Note.--To this construction are doubtless to be referred all cases of quō and ( hōc ) with a comparative, even when they have ceased to be distinctly felt as degree of difference and approach the Ablative of Cause:—

  1. eōque minus paenitet (N. D. 1.8) , and for that reason I regret less, etc. (by so much the less I regret).
  2. haec facilius faciēbant, quod (B. G. 3.12) , this they did the more easily for this reason, because, etc. [Cf. hōc mâiōre spē, quod (id. 3.9).]

b. The Ablative of Comparison (§ 406) and the Ablative of Degree of Difference are sometimes used together with the same adjective:—

  1. paulō minus ducentīs (B. C. 3.28) , a little less than two hundred.
  2. patria, quae mihi vītā meā multō est cārior (Cat. 1.27) , my country, which is much dearer to me than life.

But the construction with quam is more common.

Ablative of Quality

1 In this phrase the is not the definite article but a pronominal adverb, being the Anglo-Saxon thȳ, the instrumental case of the pronoun thæt, that. This pronoun is used both as relative (by which, by how much) and as demonstrative (by that, by so much). Thus the ... the corresponds exactly to quō ... .

hide References (6 total)
  • Commentary references to this page (6):
    • Boethius, Consolatio Philosophiae, Prosa 4:
    • J. B. Greenough, Benjamin L. D'Ooge, M. Grant Daniell, Commentary on Caesar's Gallic War, AG BG 1.14
    • J. B. Greenough, Benjamin L. D'Ooge, M. Grant Daniell, Commentary on Caesar's Gallic War, AG BG 2.7
    • J. B. Greenough, G. L. Kittredge, Select Orations of Cicero, Allen and Greenough's Edition., AG Cic. 3.9
    • J. B. Greenough, G. L. Kittredge, Select Orations of Cicero, Allen and Greenough's Edition., AG Cic. 59
    • J. B. Greenough, G. L. Kittredge, Select Orations of Cicero, Allen and Greenough's Edition., AG Cic. 92
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