[*] 323. Copulative and Disjunctive Conjunctions connect similar constructions, and are regularly followed by the same case or mood that precedes them:—
- scrīptum senātuī et populō; (Cat. 3.10), written to the senate and people.
- “ut eās [partīs] sānārēs et cōnfīrmārēs ” (Mil. 68) , that you might cure and strengthen those parts.
- “ neque meā prūdentiā neque hūmānīs cōnsiliīs frētus ” (Cat. 2.29) , relying neither on my own foresight nor on human wisdom.
- “hīs igitur quam physicīs potius crēdendum exīstimās ” (Div. 2.37) , do you think these are more to be trusted than the natural philosophers?
- “hominem callidiōrem vīdī nēminem quam Phormiōnem ” (Ter. Ph. 591) , a shrewder man I never saw than Phormio (cf. § 407).
- “ ut nōn omne vīnum sīc nōn omnis nātūra vetustāte coacēscit ” (Cat. M. 65) , as every wine does not sour with age, so [does] not every nature.
- “in mē quasi in tyrannum ” (Phil. 14.15) , against me as against a tyrant.
- omnēs dī, hominēs, all gods and men.
- summī, mediī, īnfimī, the highest, the middle class, and the lowest.
- “iūra, lēgēs, agrōs, lībertātem nōbīs relīquērunt ” (B. G. 7.77) , they have left us our rights, our laws, our fields, our liberty.
- Where there are more than two coördinate words etc., a
conjunction, if used, is ordinarily used with all (or all except the
first):—
- “aut aere aliēnōaut māgnitūdine tribūtōrum autiniūriā potentiōrum ” (B. G. 6.13) , by debt, excessive taxation, or oppression on the part of the powerful.
- “at sunt mōrōsī etanxiī etīrācundī etdifficilēs senēs ” (Cat. M. 65) , but (you say) old men are capricious, solicitous, choleric, and fussy.
- But words are often so divided into groups that the members of
the groups omit the conjunction (or express it), while the groups
themselves express the conjunction (or omit it):—
- “propudium illud et portentum, L. Antōnius īnsīgne odium omnium hominum ” (Phil. 14.8) , that wretch and monster, Lucius Antonius, the abomination of all men.
- utrumque ēgit graviter, auctōritāte etoffēnsiōne animī nōn acerbā; (Lael. 77), he acted in both cases with dignity, without loss of authority and with no bitterness of feeling.
- The enclitic -que is sometimes used
with the last member of a series, even when there is no grouping
apparent:—
- “vōce voltū mōtūque ” (Brut. 110) , by voice, expression, and gesture.
- “cūram cōnsilium vigilantiamque ” (Phil. 7.20) , care, wisdom, and vigilance.
- “quōrum auctōritātem dīgnitātem voluntātemque dēfenderās ” (Fam. 1.7.2) , whose dignity, honor, and wishes you had defended.
- multae et gravēs causae, many weighty reasons.
- “vir līber aç fortis ” (Rep. 2.34) , a free and brave man.
- et ... et (-que ... -que), both ... and.
- aut ... aut, either ... or.
- vel ... vel, either ... or. [Examples in § 324. e.]
- sīve ( seu ) ... sīve ( seu ), whether ... or. [Examples in § 324. f.]
- nunc ... nunc , tum ... tum, iam ... iam, now ... now.
- modo ... modo, now ... now.
- simul ... simul, at the same time ... at the same time.
- quā ... quā, now ... now, both ... and, alike [this] and [that].
- “ modo ait modo negat ” (Ter. Eun. 714) , now he says yes, now no.
- “ simul grātiās agit, simul grātulātur ” (Q. C. 6.7.15) , he thanks him and at the same time congratulates him.
- “ērumpunt saepe vitia amīcōrum tum in ipsōs amīcōs tum in aliēnōs ” (Lael. 76) , the faults of friends sometimes break out, now against their friends themselves, now against strangers.
- quā marīs quā fēminās (Pl. Mil. 1113), both males and females.