[*] 531. Final Clauses take the Subjunctive introduced by ut ( utī ), negative nē ( ut nē ), or by a Relative Pronoun or Adverb.—
- Pure Clauses of Purpose, with
ut
(
utī
) or
nē
(
ut nē
), express the purpose of the main verb in the form of a
modifying clause:—
- “ab arātrō abdūxērunt Cincinnātum, utdictātor esset” (Fin. 2.12) , they brought Cincinnatus from the plough that he might be dictator.
- “ut sint auxiliō suīs, subsistunt ” (B. C. 1.80) , they halt in order to support (be an aid to) their own men.
- nē mīlitēs oppidum inrumperent, portās obstruit (id. 1.27), he barricaded the gates, in order that the soldiers might not break into the town.
- scālās parārī iubet,nē quam facultātem dīmittat (id. 1.28), he orders scalingladders to be got ready, in order not to let slip any opportunity.
- “ut nē sit impūne ” (Mil. 31) , that it be not with impunity.
[*] Note 1.--Sometimes the conjunction has a correlative ( ideō , idcircō , eō cōnsiliō , etc.) in the main clause (cf. § 561. a):—
- lēgumidcircō servī sumus,ut līberī sīmus (Clu 146), for this reason we are subject to the laws, that we may be free.
- cōpiās trānsdūxit eō cōnsiliō, utcastellum expūgnāret (cf. B. G. 2.9), he led the troops across with this design—to storm the fort.
[*] Note 2.-- Ut nōn sometimes occurs in clauses of purpose when nōn belongs to some particular word: as, “—ut plūranōn dīcam” (Manil. 44) , to avoid unnecessary talk.
- Relative Clauses of Purpose are introduced by the relative
pronoun
quī
or a relative adverb (
ubi
,
unde
,
quō
, etc.). The antecedent is expressed or implied in the
main clause:—
- “mittitur L. Dēcidius Saxaquī locī nātūram perspiciat” (B. C. 1.66) , Lucius Decidius Saxa is sent to examine the ground (who should examine, etc.).
- “scrībēbat ōrātiōnēsquās aliī dīcerent” (Brut. 206) , he wrote speeches for other men to deliver.
- “eō exstīnctō fore unde discerem nēminem ” (Cat. M. 12) , that when he was dead there would be nobody from whom (whence) I could learn.
- huic nē ubi cōnsisteret quidem contrā tē locum relīquistī; (Quinct. 73), you have left him no ground even to make a stand against you.
- “habēbam quō cōnfugerem” (Fam. 4.6.2) , I had [a retreat] whither I might flee.
[*] Note 3.--In this construction quī = ut is (etc.), ubi = ut ibi , and so on (§ 537. 2).
- “comprimere eōrum audāciam, quō facilius cēterōrum animī frangerentur ” (Fam. 15.4.10) , to repress their audacity, that the spirit of the others might be broken more easily (by which the more easily).
- “lībertāte ūsus est, quō impūnius dicāx esset ” (Quinct. 11) , he took advantage of liberty, that he might bluster with more impunity.
[*] Note.--Occasionally quō introduces a final clause that does not contain a comparative: as,—L. Sulla exercitum, quō sibi fīdum faceret, lūxuriōsē habuerat (Sall. Cat. 11), Lucius Sulla had treated the army luxuriously, in order to make it devoted to him.
For quōminus (= ut eō minus ) after verbs of hindering, see § 558. b.