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1 See c. 59 of this Book.
2 Triticum hibernum of Linnæus, similar to the "siligo" mentioned in the sequel. Winter wheat was greatly cultivated in Apulia.
3 "Far." This name is often used in the classics, to signify corn in general; but in the more restricted sense in which it is here employed, it is "Triticum dicoccum," the "Zea" of the Greeks. It consists of two varieties, the single grained, the Triticum monococcum of Linæus, and the double-grained, the Triticum spelta of Linnæus, which is still called "farra" in Friuli.
4 Hordeum sativum of Linnæus.
5 See c. 66 of this Book.
6 Panicum Italicum of Linnæus.
7 Panicum miliaccum of Linnæus. This was probably one of the first grains from which bread was made.
8 The Sesamum orientale of Linnæus. It is no longer cultivated in Europe, thouhgh formerly it was much used in Greece.
9 It is very doubtful if this is the same as early, the Salvia horminum of Linnæus, as that is one of the Labiatæ, whereas here, most probably, a leguminous plant is spoken of.
10 It has been asserted that this is identical with the Sisymbrium poly- ceratium of Linnæus, rock-gentle, rock-gallant, or winter-cress. Fée, however, is strongly of opinion that it can only be looked for in the Sisym- brium irio of Linnæus.
11 Ervum lens of Linnæus.
12 The Cicer arietinum of naturalists, the Garbanzo of the Spaniards. It abounds in the south of Europe and in India.
13 A variety of spelt was called by this name; but it was more gene- rally applied to a kind of flummery pottage or gruel.
14 Hence our word "forage."
15 Lupinus hirsutus and pilosus of Linnæus.
16 From Theophrastus, Hist. Plant. B. viii c. 2.
17 All this, of course, depends upon numerous circumstances.
18 This is certainly the fact, as Fée says, but it is the same with all the graminea.
19 A characteristic of the Panicum miliaceum in particular.
20 Or porridge; "puls."
21 It has been suggested that this was maize, but that is indigenous to South America. Fée has little doubt that it is the Holcus sorgho of Lin- næus, the "Indian millet," that is meant.
22 From the Greek φόβη. The stalk and husk of the sorgho is covered with a fine down. The reading "cornis" has been adopted.
23 This is considered by Fée to be very improbable.
24 In reality these vary, according to the rapidity of the growth.
25 Strictly speaking, spelt has seven.
26 This depends upon the time when it is sown, and numerous other cir- cumstances.
27 Strictly speaking, he is right; but still there is a swelling in the stalk, to be perceived at the points where the leaves take their rise.
28 This is incorrect; they all of them throw out leaves from the root.
29 The same as the "Ervum" probably, the fitch, orobus, or bitter vetch.
30 Not so with the pea, as known to us.
31 This is only true at the end of the season, and when the plant is dying.
32 These annuals lose their leaves only that have articulations on the stem; otherwise they die outright at the fall of the leaf.
33 If by "tunica" he means the husk of chaff, which surrounds the grain, the assertion is contrary to the fact, in relation to barley and the oat.
34 Only another name, Fée thinks, for the Triticum hibernum, or winter- wheat. Spelt or zea has been suggested, as also the white barley of the south of Europe; see c. 20.
35 Egyptian wheat, or rather what is called mummy-wheat, is bearded equally to barley.
36 Siligo.
37 Before grinding.
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- Cross-references to this page
(2):
- A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890), AGRICULTU´RA
- Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), BABYLO´NIA
- Cross-references in general dictionaries to this page
(7):
- Lewis & Short, Bŭbulcus
- Lewis & Short, censōrĭus
- Lewis & Short, confarrĕātĭo
- Lewis & Short, ē-vallo
- Lewis & Short, farrĕus
- Lewis & Short, ŏlȳra
- Lewis & Short, subsĭcīvus