[*] 47. Ἔχω with the aorist and sometimes the perfect participle may form a periphrastic perfect (831). In tragedy and in Herodotus this is often fully equivalent to our perfect with "have"; elsewhere, especially in Attic prose, the participle and ἔχω are more or less distinct in their force. Still, this is the beginning of the modern perfect. E.g.
- “Ποίῳ σὺν ἔργῳ τοῦτ᾽ ἀπειλήσας ἔχεις;” “have you made this threat?” SOPH. O. C. 817.
- “Τὸν μὲν προτίσας, τὸν δ᾽ ἀτιμάσας ἔχει;” Id. Ant. 22 ; see ib. 32.
- “Ἡμᾶς πρᾶγος ἄσκοπον ἔχει περάνας.” Id. Aj. 21.
- “Ηὐδᾶτο γὰρ ταῦτ᾽, οὐδέ πω λήξαντ᾽ ἔχει,” “i.e. the story has not yet ceased to be told.” Id. O. T. 731 ; see Id. Tr. 37, “ταρβήσασ᾽ ἔχω.”
- “Ὅς σφε νῦν ἀτιμάσας ἔχει.” EUR. Med. 33 ; see ib. 90.
- “Ἄρεως τε μοῖραν μεταλαβὼν ἔχει τινά.” Bacch. 302.
- “Σοῦ θαυμάσας ἔχω τόδε.” SOPH. Ph. 1362 ; so PLAT. Phaedr. 257C (in poetic language).
- “Οἷά μοι βεβουλευκὼς ἔχει.” SOPH. O. T. 701 (after στήσας ἔχεις in 699).
- “Ὅστις γ᾽ ἔχει μου ᾿ξαρπάσας τὸ παιδίον,” “whoever has snatched away (though here ἔχει may mean keeps）.” AR. Th. 706.
- “Ἐγκλῄσασ᾽ ἔχει τὰ σιτία.” Id. Eccl. 355.
- “Ὑπὲρ τῶν Ἑλλήνων τοὺς σὺ δουλώσας ἔχεις,” “i.e. whom you hold in slavery or whom you have enslaved.” HDT. i. 27.
- “Ἀμφοτέρων με τούτων ἀποκληίσας ἔχεις.” Id. i. 37 ; so i. 41.
- “Ἀλαζόνι ἐπιτρέψαντες ἡμέας αὐτοὺς ἔχομεν,” “we have entrusted ourselves, etc.” Id. vi. 12.
- “Πολλὰ χρήματα ἔχομεν ἀνηρπακότες.” XEN. An. i. 3, 14 (here ἔχομεν expresses possession).
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