Herbert Weir Smyth, A Greek Grammar for Colleges

STOPS BEFORE STOPS

a. βτ, φτ become πτ: (τετρι_β-ται) τέτρι_πται has been rubbed from τρί_β-ω rub; (γεγραφ-ται) γέγραπται has been written from γράφ-ω write. γτ, χτ become κτ: (λελεγ-ται) λέλεκται) has been said from λέγ-ω say; (βεβρεχ-ται) βέβρεκται has been moistened from βρέχ-ω moisten.

b. πδ, φδ become βδ: (κλεπ-δην) κλέβδην by stealth from κλέπ-τ-ω steal; (γραφδην) γράβδην scraping from γράφ-ω write (originally scratch, scrape). κδ becomes γδ: (πλεκ-δην) πλέγδην entwined from πλέκ-ω plait.

c. πθ, βθ become φθ: (ἐπεμπ-θην) ἐπέμφθην I was sent from πέμπ-ω send; (ἐτρι_β-θη) ἐτρί_φθη it was rubbed (τρί_β-ω rub). κθ, γθ become χθ: (ἐπλεκ-θη) ἐπλέχθη it was plaited (πλέκ-ω plait); (ἐλεγ-θη) ἐλέχθη it was said (λέγ-ω say).

N. 1.—Cp. ἑπτά seven, ἕβδομος seventh, ἑφθήμερος lasting seven days.

N. 2.—But ἐκ out of remains unchanged: ἐκδίδωμι surrender, ἐκθέω run out (104).

[*] 83. A dental stop before another dental stop becomes ς.

ἀνυστός practicable for ἀνυτ-τος from ἀνύτω complete, ἴστε you know for ἰδ-τε, οἶσθα thou knowest for οἰδ-θα, πέπεισται has been persuaded for πεπειθ-ται, ἐπείσθην I was persuaded for ἐπειθ-θην.

a. ττ, τθ remain unchanged in ᾿ Αττικός, ᾿ Ατθίς Attic, and in κατθανεῖν die (75 D., 81). So ττ for σς (78).

[*] 84. Any stop standing before a stop other than τ, δ, θ, or in other combination than πφ, κχ, τθ (81) is dropped, as in κεκόμι（δ）-κα I have brought. γ before κ, γ, or χ is gamma-nasal (19 a), not a stop.