Herbert Weir Smyth, A Greek Grammar for Colleges

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VARIOUS USES OF ὁ (ὅς), ἡ (ἥ), τό DEMONSTRATIVE

[*] 1113. As a personal pronoun, chiefly after καί, and in the nominative: καὶ ὅς (ἥ) and he (she): ““καὶ οἳ εἶπον” and they said” X. A. 7.6.4. Also in ““ἦ δ᾽ ὅς” and he said” P. R. 327c (792). So καὶ τόν (τήν) used as the accusative of καὶ ὅς, as subject of a following infinitive in indirect discourse: καὶ τὸν εἰπεῖν and (he said that) he said P. S. 174a.

[*] 1114. In the nominative ὅς, ἥ, are usually thus written. Some write ὅ, ἥ, οἵ, αἵ when these words are used as demonstratives; but ὃ μέν . . . ὃ δέ is rare.

a. The forms ὅς, ἥ, here apparently relatives with an older demonstrative force, may be in reality demonstratives, ὅς being the demonstrative (article) ὁ to which the nominative sign -ς has been added. From this ὅς may be derived, by analogy, the demonstrative use of ὅ, and of οἶς, οὕς in fixed expressions (1110).

[*] 1115. Also in ““τὸν καὶ τόν” this one and that one” L. 1.23, ““τὸ καὶ τό” this and that” D. 9.68, τὰ καὶ τά D. 21.141, ““οὔτε τοῖς οὔτε τοῖς” neither to these nor to those” P. L. 701e. In the nom. ““ὃς καὶ ὅς” such and such an one” Hdt. 4.68.

[*] 1116. In an oblique case before the relatives ὅς, ὅσος, οἶος: ““τόν τε Εὐθύκριτον . . . καὶ τὸν ὃς ἔρη δεσπότης τούτου εἶναι, μάρτυρας παρέξομαι” and as witness I will produce both Euthycritus and the man who said he was his master” L. 23.8, ““ὀρέγεται τοῦ ὃ ἔστιν ἴσον” he aims at that which is equal” P. Ph. 75b, and often in Plato in defining philosophical terms.

[*] 1117. Rarely with prepositions, except in πρὸ τοῦ (or προτοῦ) before this time T. 1.118. On ἐν τοῖς with the superlative, see 1089.