Herbert Weir Smyth, A Greek Grammar for Colleges

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πρός

[*] 1695. πρός (Hom. also προτί), at, by (fronting). Of like meaning, but of different origin, is Hom. ποτί.

1. πρός with the Genitive

a. Local (not common in prose): ““τὸ πρὸς ἑσπέρα_ς τεῖχος” the wall facing the west” X. H. 4.4.18, ““τὰ ὑποζύγια ἔχοντες πρὸς τοῦ ποταμοῦ” having the pack-animals on the side toward the river” X. A. 2.2.4.

b. Other relations: Descent: ““πρὸς πατρός” on the father's side” Aes. 3.169. Characteristic: ““οὐ γὰρ ἦν πρὸς τοῦ Κύ_ρου τρόπου” for it was not the way of Cyrus” X. A. 1.2.11. Point of view of a person: πρὸς ἀνθρώπων αἰσχρός base in the eyes of men 2. 5. 20. Agent as the source, with passive verbs (instead of ὑπό): ὁμολογεῖται πρὸς πάντων it is agreed by all 1. 9. 20; to the advantage of; ““σπονδὰ_ς ποιησάμενος πρὸς Θηβαίων μᾶλλον ἢ πρὸς ἑαυτ ῶν” making a truce more to the advantage of the Thebans than of his own party” X. H. 7.1.17; in oaths and entreaties: ““πρὸς θεῶν” by the gods” X. H. 2.4.21.

2. πρός with the Dative

In a local sense, denoting proximity (generally, in prose, of towns or buildings, not of persons): ““πρὸς τῇ πόλει τὴν μάχην ποιεῖσθαι” to fight near the city” T. 6.49; sometimes like ἐν, as ““πρὸς ἱεροῖς τοῖς κοινοῖς ἀνατεθῆναι” to be dedicated in the common shrines” T. 3.57. Occupation: ““ἦν ὅλος πρὸς τῷ λήμματι” he was wholly intent upon his gain” D. 19.127. In addition to: ““πρὸς αὐτοῖς” besides these” T. 7.57. In the presence of: ““πρὸς τῷ διαιτητῆ λέγειν” to speak before the arbitrator” D. 39.22.

3. πρός with the Accusative

a. Local (direction toward or to, strictly fronting, facing): ““ὑ_μᾶς ἄξομεν πρὸς αὐτούς” we will lead you to them” X. A. 7.6.6, πρὸς νότον (toward the) south T. 3.6, ““ἰέναι πρὸς τοὺς πολεμίους” to go against the enemy” X. A. 2.6.10.

b. Temporal (rare): ““πρὸς ἡμέρα_ν” toward daybreak” X. H. 2.4.6.

c. Other relations: friendly or hostile relation: ““πρὸς ἐμὲ λέγετε” speak to me” X. C. 6.4.19, ““φιλία_ πρὸς ὑ_μᾶς” friendship with you” I. 5.32, ““ἔχθρα_ πρὸς τοὺς Ἀργείους” enmity to the Argives” T. 2.68, but ἡ πρὸς ἡμᾶς ἔχθρα_ our enmity 6. 80, ἡ ἀπέχθεια πρὸς τοὺς Θηβαίους our enmity to the Thebans and the enmity of the Thebans to us D. 18.36. With words of hating, accusing, and their opposites, πρός is used either of the subject or of the object or of both parties involved. With words denoting warfare πρός indicates a double relation, and the context must determine which party is the aggressor or assailant: ““ναυμαχία_ Κορινθίων πρὸς Κερκυ_ραίους” a sea-fight between the Corinthians and the Corcyreans” T. 1.13 (here καί often suffices, as ὁ Λακεδαιμονίων καὶ Ἠλείων πόλεμος X. H. 3.2.31). Relation in general: ““οὐδὲν αὐτῷ πρὸς τὴν πόλιν ἐστίν” he has nothing to do with the city” D. 21.44, πρὸς τοὺς θεοὺς εὐσεβῶς ἔχειν to be pious toward the gods Lyc. 15. Purpose: πρὸς τί; to what end? X. C. 6.3.20, ““πρὸς χάριν λέγειν” to speak in order to court favour” D. 4.51; with a view to (often nearly = διά): ““πρὸς ταῦτα βουλεύεσθε εὖ” wherefore be well advised” T. 4.87, πρὸς τὰ παρόντα in consequence of the present circumstances 6. 41. Conformity: ““πρὸς τὴν ἀξία_ν” according to merit” X. C. 8.4.29. Standard of judgment: ““οὐδὲ πρὸς ἀργύριον τὴν εὐδαιμονία_ν ἔκρι_νον” nor did they estimate happiness by the money-standard” I. 4.76, χώρα_ ὡς πρὸς τὸ πλῆθος τῶν πολι_τῶν ἐλαχίστη a territory very small in proportion to the number of its citizens 4. 107; and hence of comparison: ““οί φαυλότεροι τῶν ἀνθρώπων πρὸς τοὺς ξυνετωτέρους . . . ἄμεινον οἰκοῦσι τὰ_ς πόλεις” the simpler class of men, in comparison with the more astute, manage their public affairs better” T. 3.37. Exchange: ““ἡδονὰ_ς πρὸς ἡδονὰ_ς καταλλάττεσθαι” to exchange pleasures for pleasures” P. Ph. 69a.

4. πρός in Composition

To, toward (προσελαύνειν drive to, προστρέπειν turn toward), in addition (προσλαμβάνειν take in addition), against (προσκρούειν strike against, be angry with). Often in the general sense of additionally, qualifying the whole sentence rather than the verb.