Herbert Weir Smyth, A Greek Grammar for Colleges

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ADJECTIVES OF THE CONSONANT DECLENSION

[*] 291. Such adjectives as belong only to the consonant declension have two endings. Most such adjectives have stems in ες (nominative -ης and -ες) and ον (nominative -ων and -ον). Under ον stems fall comparative adjectives, as βελτί_ων, βέλτι_ον better.

a. There are some compounds with other stems: M. F. ἀπάτωρ, N. ἄπατορ fatherless, G. ἀπάτορος; ἄπολις ἄπολι without a country, ἀπόλιδος; αὐτοκράτωρ αὐτοκράτορ independent, αὐτοκράτορος; ἄρρην (older ἄρσην) ἄρρεν male, ἄρρενος; εὔχαρις εὔχαρι agreeable, εὐχάριτος; εὔελπις εὔελπι hopeful, εὐέλπιδος. For the acc. of stems in ιτ and ιδ see 247. Neut. εὔχαρι and εὔελπι for εὐχαριτ, εὐελπιδ (133).

[*] 292. ἀληθής (ἀληθεσ-) true, εὔ-ελπις (εὐελπιδ-) hopeful are thus declined:

SINGULAR
	Masc. and Fem.		Neut.	Masc. and Fem.	Neut.
Nom.	ἀληθής		ἀληθές	εὔελπις	εὔελπι
Gen.	（ἀληθέ-ος）	ἀληθοῦς		εὐέλπιδ-ος
Dat.	（ἀληθέ-ι）	ἀληθεῖ		εὐέλπιδ-ι
Acc.	（ἀληθέ-α) ἀληθῆ		ἀληθές	εὔελπιν	εὔελπι
Voc.	ἀληθές		ἀληθές	εὔελπι

DUAL
N. A. V.	（ἀληθέ-ε）	ἀληθεῖ	εὐέλπιδ-ε
G. D.	（ἀληθέ-οιν）	ἀληθοῖν	εὐελπίδ-οιν

PLURAL
N. V.	（ἀληθέ-ες) ἀληθεῖς	（ἀληθέ-α) ἀληθῆ	εὐέλπιδ-ες	εὐέλπιδ-α
Gen.	（ἀληθέ-ων）	ἀληθῶν	εὐελπίδ-ων
Dat.	（ἀληθέσ-σι 107）	ἀληθέσι（ν）	εὐέλπισι（ν）
Acc.	ἀληθεῖς	（ἀληθέ-α) ἀληθῆ	εὐέλπιδ-ας	εὐέλπιδ-α

a. ἄληθες means indeed! Like ἀληθής are declined σαφής clear, εὐτυχής lucky, εὐγενής high-born, ἀσθενής weak, ἐγκρατής self-restrained, πλήρης full.

b. The accusative pl. ἀληθεῖς has the form of the nominative.

c. Compound adjectives in -ης not accented on the last syllable show recessive accent even in the contracted forms. Thus, φιλαλήθης lover of truth, neut. φιλάληθες, αὐτάρκης self-sufficient, neut. αὔταρκες, gen. pl. αὐτάρκων, not αὐταρκῶν.

N.—Except in neuter words in -ῶδες, -ῶλες, -ῶρες, and -ῆρες, as εὐῶδες sweetsmelling, ποδῆρες reaching to the feet. But τριήρων, not τριηρῶν, from τριήρης, 264.

d. εε（ς）α becomes εα_, not εη (56): εὐκλεᾶ, ἐνδεᾶ for εὐκλεέα, ἐνδεέα from εὐκλεής glorious, ἐνδεής needy (G. εὐκλεοῦς, ἐνδεοῦς). But ιε（ς）α and υε（ς）α yield ια_ or ιη, υα_ or υη. Thus, ὑγιᾶ or ὑγιῆ (ὑγιής healthy), εὐφυᾶ or εὐφυῆ (εὐφυής comely), cp. 56, 31, 2. The forms in -ῆ are due to the analogy of such forms as ἐμφερῆ (ἐμφερής resembling),

[*] 292 D. The uncontracted forms of ες stems appear in Hom. and Hdt. -εϊ and -εες are, however, sometimes contracted in Hom., and properly should be written -ει and -εις in Hdt. The acc. pl. masc. and fem. is -εας in Hom. and Hdt. From adj. in -εής Hdt. has ἐνδέα^ for ἐνδεέα, Hom. ἐυκλεῖας for ἐυκλεέας, ἐυρρεῖος for ἐυρρεέος.

[*] 293. Stems in ον: εὐδαίμων happy, βελτί_ων better:

SINGULAR
	Masc. and Fem.	Neut.	Masc. and Fem.	Neut.
Nom.	εὐδαίμων	εὔδαιμον	βελτί_ων	βέλτι_ον
Gen.	εὐδαίμον-ος		βελτί_ον-ος
Dat.	εὐδαίμον-ι		βελτί_ον-ι
Acc.	εὐδαίμον-α	εὔδαιμον	βελτί_ον-α or βελτί_ω βέλτι_ον
Voc.	εὔδαιμον	εὔδαιμον	βέλτι_ον	βέλτι_ον

DUAL
N. A. V.	εὐδαίμον-ε	βελτί_ον-ε
G. D.	εὐδαιμόν-οιν	βελτι_όν-οιν

PLURAL
N. V.	εὐδαίμον-ες	εὐδαίμον-α	（βελτί_ον-ες	βελτί_ον-α
			（βελτί_ους	βελτί_ω
Gen.	εὐδαιμόν-ων		βελτι_όν-ων
Dat.	εὐδαίμοσι（ν）		βελτί_οσι（ν）
Acc.	εὐδαίμον-ας	εὐδαίμον-α	（βελτί_ον-ας	βελτί_ον-α
			（βελτί_ους	βελτί_ω

a. Like εὐδαίμων are declined μνήμων μνῆμον mindful, ἀγνώμων ἄγνωμον unfeeling, ἄφρων ἄφρον senseless, πέπων πέπον ripe, σώφρων σῶφρον prudent.

b. Like βελτί_ων are declined μείζων μεῖζον greater, κακί_ων κάκι_ον baser, ἐλά_ττων ἔλα_ττον less.

c. The neuter nominative and accusative have recessive accent.

d. Comparatives are formed from stems in ον and in ος; cp. Lat. meliōris for meliōs-is. ος appears in βελτί_ω for βελτι_ο（ς）-α, acc. sing. masc. fem. and nom. acc. neut. pl., and in βελτί_ους for βελτι_ο（ς）-ες, nom. pl. masc. fem. The accusative plural borrows the nominative form. Cp. 251 b. The shorter forms were more frequent in everyday speech than in literature.