Herbert Weir Smyth, A Greek Grammar for Colleges

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OTHER USES OF THE ARTICLE

[*] 1143. A single article, used with the first of two or more nouns connected by and, produces the effect of a single notion: οἱ στρατηγοὶ καὶ λοχα_γοί the generals and captains (the commanding officers) X. A. 2.2.8, τὰ_ς μεγίστα_ς καὶ ἐλαχίστα_ς ναῦς the largest and the smallest ships (the whole fleet) T. 1.10, ““ἡ τῶν πολλῶν διαβολή τε καὶ φθόνος” the calumniation and envy of the multitude” P. A. 28a. Rarely when the substantives are of different genders: ““περὶ τὰ_ς ἑαυτ ῶν ψυ_χὰ_ς καὶ σώματα” concerning their own lives and persons” X. A. 3.2.20.

[*] 1144. A repeated article lays stress on each word: ““ὁ Θρᾷξ καὶ ὁ βάρβαρος” the Thracian and the barbarian” D. 23.132 (here the subject remains the same), ““οἱ στρατηγοὶ καὶ οἱ λοχα_γοί” the generals and the captains” X. A. 7.1.13.

[*] 1145. Instead of repeating a noun with the article it may suffice to repeat the article: ““ὁ βίος ὁ τῶν ἰδιωτευόντων η:` ὁ τῶν τυραννευόντων” the life of persons in a private station or that of princes” I. 2.4.

[*] 1146. A substantive followed by an attributive genitive and forming with it a compound idea, usually omits the article: τελευτὴ τοῦ βίου (the) end of his life (‘life-end’ as life-time) X. A. 1.1.1. (Less commonly ἡ τελευτὴ τοῦ βίου X. A. 1.9.30.) Cp. 1295 a.

[*] 1147. When the genitive dependent on a substantive is a proper name: ““μετὰ Εὐβοία_ς ἅλωσιν” after the capture of Euboea” T. 2.2, and μετὰ τὴν Λέσβου ἅλωσιν after the capture of Lesbos 3. 51. A preceding genitive thus often takes the place of the article: ““διὰ χρόνου πλῆθος” by reason of the extent of time” T. 1.1.

[*] 1148. Concrete coördinated words forming a copulative expression may omit the article: ““πρὸς οὖν παίδων καὶ γυναικῶν ἱκετεύω ὑ_μᾶς” by your children and wives I beseech you” L. 4.20, ““πόλιν καὶ οἰκία_ς ἡμῖν παράδοτε” surrender to us your city and houses” T. 2.72, ““ἱέρειαι καὶ ἱερεῖς” priestesses and priests” P. R. 461a. Cp. man and wife, horse and rider.

[*] 1149. An appositive to the personal pronouns of the first and second persons has the article when the appositive would have it (as third person) with the pronoun omitted: ὑ_μεῖς οἱ ἡγεμόνες πρὸς ἐμὲ πάντες συμβάλλετε do you, captains, all confer with me (οἱ ἡγεμόνες συμβάλλοι<*>) X. C. 6.2.41, οὐ σφόδρα χρώμεθα οἱ Κρῆτες τοῖς ξενικοῖς ποιήμασιν we Cretans do not make very much use of foreign poems P. L. 680c, χαίρω ἀκούων ὑ_μῶν τῶν σοφῶν I delight in listening to you <*> P. Ion 532 d.