FIRST AND SECOND AORIST PASSIVE (585, 590）
[*] 672. All vowel and consonant verbs in
-ω inflect the aorists passive alike, that is, according to the
μι-conjugation, except in the subjunctive.
a. Vowel verbs rarely form second aorists that are passive in form, as
ῥέω flow,
ἐρρύην (
803). But
ῥέω is properly not a vowel verb (see
503).
[*] 673.
Indicative.—The indicative adds the active secondary endings directly to the tense stem ending in
-θη- (first aorist) or
-η- (second aorist). The inflection is thus like that of the imperfect of a verb in
-μι.
a. For
-σαν we find
-ν from
-ν（
τ) in poetical and dialectic forms before which
η has been shortened to
ε (
40), thus
ὥρμηθεν for
ὡρμήθησαν from
ὁρμάω urge.
[*] 674.
Subjunctive.—The subjunctive adds
-ώη- to the tense stem ending in
-θε- or
-ε- and contracts:
λυθῶ, -ῇς, -ῇ, etc., from
λυθέω, -έῃς, -έῃ, etc.;
φανῶ, -ῇς, -ῇ from
φανέω, -έῃς, -έῃ, etc.
[*] 674 D. Hdt. leaves
εω open (
αἱρεθέω, φανέωσι) but contracts
εη, εῃ (
φανῇ). Hom. has some forms like the 2 aor. subj. of
μι-verbs. Thus, from
δαμνάω (
δάμνημι)
subdue: δαμήω, -ήῃς, -ήῃ, -ήετε. So also
δαήω (
δα- learn),
σαπήῃ (
σήπω cause to rot),
φανήῃ (
φαίνω show),
τραπήομεν (
τέρπω amuse). The spellings with
ει (e.g.
δαμείω, δαείω) are probably incorrect.
[*] 675.
Optative.—The optative adds
-ι_- or
-ιη- to the tense-stem ending in
-θε- or
-ε-, and contracts. In the singular
-ιη- is regular; in the dual and plural
-ι_- is generally preferred. Thus
λυθείην from
λυθε-ίη-ν, φανείην from
φανε-ίη-ν,
λυθεῖτον from
λυθέ-ι_-τον, φανεῖτον from
φανέ-ι_-τον, λυθεῖμεν from
λυθέ-ι_-μεν, φανεῖεν from
φανέ-ιε-ν. The inflection is like that of the present optative of a
μι-verb.
a. -είημεν is used only in prose (but Plato and Isocrates have also
-εῖμεν).
-είητε is almost always found in the Mss. of prose writers;
-εῖτε occurs only in poetry (except from
μι-verbs).
-εῖεν is more common in prose than
-είησαν.
[*] 676.
Imperative.—The endings of the imperative are added to the tense-stem ending in
-θη- or
-η-. Before
-ντων, -θη- and
-η- become
-θε- and
-ε- (
λυθέντων, φανέντων). For
-τι instead of
-θι in the first aorist (
λύθητι) see 125 b.
[*] 677.
Infinitive.—
-ναι is added to the tense-stem in
-θη- or
-η-:
λυθῆ-ναι, φανῆ-ναι.
[*] 677 D. Hom. has
-μεναι, as
ὁμοιωθήμεναι, δαήμεναι (and
δαῆναι). Doric has
-μεν, Aeolic
-ν (
μεθύσθην ῀ μεθυσθῆναι).
[*] 678.
Participle.—The participle adds
-ντ, as masc.
λυθείς from
λυθεντ-ς, fem.
λυθεῖσα from
λυθεντ-[ιγλιδε]α, neut.
λυθέν from
λυθεν（
τ). See
301. So
φανείς, etc.
