PECULIARITIES OF POSITION WITH THE ARTICLE
[*] 1172.
Adjectives of Place.—When used in the predicate position (
1168)
ἄκρος (
high) means
the top of,
μέσος (
middle) means
the middle of,
ἔσχατος (
extreme) means
the end of. Cp.
summus,
medius,
extremus.
Thus,
περὶ ἄκραις ταῖς χερσὶ χειρῖδες gloves on the fingers (
points of the hands)
X. C. 8.8.17, ““
διὰ μέσου τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ”
flows through the middle of the park”
X. A. 1.2.7. The meaning of the predicate position is also expressed by (
τὸ)
ἄκρον τοῦ ὄρους, (
τὸ)
μέσον τῆς ἀγορᾶς, etc.
[*] 1173.
μόνος, ἥμισυς.—(1) Attributive:
ὁ μόνος παῖς the only son,
αἱ ἡμίσειαι χάριτες half-favours. (2) Predicate:
μόνος ὁ παῖς (or
ὁ παῖς μόνος)
παίζει the boy plays alone,
ἥμισυς ὁ βίος (or
ὁ βίος ἥμισυς)
half of life,
τὰ ἅρματα τὰ ἡμίσεα half of the chariots.
αὐτός: (1) Attributive:
ὁ αὐτὸς ἀνήρ the same man. (2) Predicate:
αὐτὸς ὁ ἀνήρ or
ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτός the man himself.
[*] 1174.
πᾶς (and in the strengthened forms
ἅπα_ς, σύμπα_ς all together).
a. In the attributive position
πᾶς denotes the whole regarded as the sum of all its parts (the
sum total, the
collective body):
οἱ πάντες πολῖται the whole body of citizens,
ἡ πᾶσα Σικελία_ the whole of Sicily, ““
ἀποκτεῖναι τοὺς ἅπαντας Μυτιληναίους”
to put to death the entire Mitylenean population”
T. 3.36.
N.—Hence, with numbers,
οἱ πάντες, τὰ σύμπαντα in all: ““
ἑξακόσιοι καὶ χί_λιοι οἱ πάντες”
1600 in all”
T. 1.60.
b. In the predicate (and usual) position
πᾶς means
all: πάντες οἱ πολῖται or (often emphatic)
οἱ πολῖται πάντες all the citizens (individually), ““
περὶ πάντας τοὺς θεοὺς ἠσεβήκα_σι καὶ εἰς ἅπα_σαν τὴν πόλιν ἡμαρτήκα_σιν”
they have committed impiety towards all the gods and have sinned against the whole State”
L. 14.42.
c. Without the article:
πάντες πολῖται all (conceivable)
citizens, ““
μισθωσάμενοι πάντας ἀνθρώπους”
hiring every conceivable person”
L. 12.60.
N. 1.—In the meaning
pure,
nothing but,
πᾶς is strictly a predicate and has no article:
κύκλῳ φρουρούμενος ὑπὸ πάντων πολεμίων hemmed in by a ring of guards all of whom are his enemies ( =
πάντες ὑφ᾽ ὧν φρουρεῖται πολέμιοί εἰσι)
P. R. 579b. So
πᾶσα κακία_ utter baseness.
N. 2.—The article is not used with
πᾶς if the noun, standing alone, would have no article.
N. 3.—In the singular,
πᾶς often means
every: ““
σὺν σοὶ πᾶσα ὁδὸς εὔπορος”
with you every road is easy to travel”
X. A. 2.5.9, ““
πᾶσα θάλασσα”
every sea”
T. 2.41.
[*] 1175.
ὅλος: (1) Attributive:
τὸ ὅλον στράτευμα the whole army; (2) Predicate:
ὅλον τὸ στράτευμα (or
τὸ στράτευμα ὅλον)
the army as a whole,
τὴν νύκτα ὅλην the entire night. With no article:
ὅλον στράτευμα a whole army,
ὅλα στρατεύματα whole armies.
[*] 1176. The demonstrative pronouns
οὗτος, ὅδε, ἐκεῖνος, and
αὐτός self, in agreement with a noun, usually take the article, and stand in the predicate position (
1168):
οὗτος ὁ ἀνήρ or
ὁ ἀνὴρ οὗτος (never
ὁ οὗτος ἀνήρ)
this man,
αὐτὸς ὁ ἀνήρ or
ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτός the man himself (
ὁ αὐτὸς ἀνήρ the same man 1173).
[*] 1177. One or more words may separate the demonstrative from its noun: ““
ὁ τούτου ἔρως τοῦ ἀνθρώπου”
the love of this man”
P. S. 213c. Note also
τῶν οἰκείων τινὲς τῶν ἐκείνων some of their slaves (
some of the slaves of those men)
P. A. 33d.
[*] 1178.
οὗτος, ὅδε, ἐκεῖνος sometimes omit the article.
a. Regularly, when the noun is in the predicate: ““
αὕτη ἔστω ἱκανὴ ἀπολογία_”
let this be a sufficient defence”
P. A. 24b, ““
οἶμαι ἐμὴν ταύτην πατρίδα εἶναι”
I think this is my native country”
X. A. 4.8.4.
b. Usually, with proper names, except when anaphoric (1120 b):
ἐκεῖνος Θουκυ_δίδης that (well-known)
Thucydides Ar. Ach. 708.
c. Usually, with definite numbers: ““
ταύτα_ς τριά_κοντα μνᾶς”
these thirty minae”
D. 27.23.
d. Optionally, when a relative clause follows: ““
ἐπὶ γῆν τήνδε ἤλθομεν, ἐν ᾗ οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν Μήδων ἐκράτησαν”
we have come against this land, in which our fathers conquered the Medes”
T. 2.74.
e. In the phrase (often contemptuous)
οὗτος ἀνήρ P. G. 505c; and in other expressions denoting some emotion:
ἄνθρωπος οὑτοσί_ D. 18.243.
f. Sometimes, when the demonstrative follows its noun:
ἐπίγραμμα τόδε T. 6.59. So often in Hdt.
g. Frequently, in poetry.
[*] 1179.
ἄμφω, ἀμφότερος both,
ἑκάτερος each (of two),
ἕκαστος each (of several) have the predicate position. But with
ἕκαστος the article is often omitted:
κατὰ τὴν ἡμέρα_ν ἑκάστην (
day by day and)
every day,
καθ᾽ ἑκάστην ἡμέρα_ν every day.
[*] 1180. The demonstratives of
quality and
quantity,
τοιοῦτος, τοιόσδε, τοσοῦτος, τοσόσδε, τηλικοῦτος, when they take the article, usually follow it: ““
τῶν τοσούτων καὶ τοιούτων ἀγαθῶν”
of so many and such blessings”
D. 18.305,
τοῦτο τὸ τοιοῦτον ἔθος such a practice as this 21. 123.
ὁ δεῖνα such a one (
336) regularly takes the article.
a. But the predicate position occurs: ““
τοσαύτη ἡ πρώτη παρασκευὴ πρὸς τὸν πόλεμον διέπλει”
so great was the first armament which crossed over for the war”
T. 6.44.
[*] 1181. An attributive, following the article, may be separated from its noun by a pronoun: ““
ἡ πάλαι ἡμῶν φύσις”
our old nature”
P. S. 189d,
ἡ στενὴ αὕτη ὁδός (for
αὕτη ἡ στενὴ ὁδός)
this narrow road X. A. 4.2.6.
[*] 1182. Possessive pronouns take the article only when a definite person or thing is meant, and stand between article and noun:
τὸ ἐμὸν βιβλίον my book,
τὰ ἡμέτερα βιβλία our books.
a. But names of relationship,
πόλις, πατρίς, etc., do not require the article (
1140).
[*] 1183. The article is not used with possessive pronouns or the genitive of personal and reflexive pronouns (cp.
1184,
1185):
a. When no particular object is meant:
ἐμὸν βιβλίον or
βιβλίον μου a book of mine.
b. When these pronouns belong to the predicate: ““
μαθητὴς γέγονα σός”
I have become a pupil of yours”
P. Euth. 5a, ““
οὐ λόγους ἐμαυτοῦ λέγων”
not speaking words of my own”
D. 9.41.
