LIST OF NOUN SUFFIXES
The list includes the chief suffixes used in substantives and adjectives. Separation of a suffix from the root is often arbitrary and uncertain.
[*] 859. VOWEL SUFFIXES1.
ο: nom.
-ο-ς masc., fem.,
-ο-ν neut. A common suffix in primitives denoting persons (usually male agents) or things (often abstracts).
ἀρχ-ό-ς leader from
ἄρχ-ω lead; ζυγ-ό-ν yoke from
ζεύγ-νυ_-μι yoke (
ζυγ-, ζευγ-);
λόγ-ο-ς speech from
λέγ-ω speak; νόμ-ο-ς custom,
law from
νέμ-ω distribute; στόλ-ο-ς expedition from
στέλλω (
στελ-)
send; τροφ-ό-ς (
ὁ, ἡ)
nurse from
τρέφ-ω nourish; φόρ-ο-ς tribute from
φέρ-ω bear,
bring.
a. The roots of some words appear only in other languages:
οἶκ-ο-ς house, Lat.
vīc-u-s.
b. The suffix has the accent when the agent is denoted.
ε of the root varies with
ο (831 b).
2.
α_: nom.
-α_ or
-η fem. A common suffix in primitives, usually to denote things, often abstracts (
action).
ἀρχ-ή beginning from
ἄρχ-ω begin; λοιβ-ή pouring from
λείβ-ω pour; μάχ-η fight from
μάχ-ομαι fight; σπουδ-ή haste from
σπεύδ-ω hasten; στέγ-η roof from
στέγ-ω shelter; τροφ-ή nourishment from
τρέφ-ω nourish; τύχ-η chance from
τυγχάνω happen (
τυχ-);
φορ-ά_ crop from
φέρ-ω bear; φυγ-ή flight from
φεύγω flee (
φυγ-, φευγ-).
a. The roots of some words appear only in other languages:
γυν-ή woman (Eng.
queen).
b. Most substantives accent the suffix; but many accent the penult.
3.
α_: nom.
-α_ς, -ης, in a few masculines, usually compounds:
παιδο-τρίβ-η-ς trainer of boys in gymnastics (
τρί_βω rub).
4.
ι^, ι_: primary, in
ὄφ-ι-ς snake, poet.
τρόχ-ι-ς runner (
τρέχ-ω run),
πόλ-ι-ς city (originally
πόλ-ι_-ς),
ἤν-ι_-ς yearling. Many words with the
ι-suffix have taken on
δ or
τ; as
ἐλπ-ί-ς hope ἐλπί-δ-ος (
ἔλπ-ομαι hope),
χάρ-ι-ς grace χάρι-τ-ος (
χαίρω rejoice,
χαρ-).
5.
ιο: in a few primitive verbal adjectives (
ἅγ-ιο-ς 858. 2), but common in denominate adjectives (
858. 2), rare in substantives:
νυμφ-ίο-ς bridegroom (
νύμφη bride); in names of things more concrete than those ending in
-ια_:
μαρτύρ-ιο-ν a testimony (cp.
μαρτύρ-ια_ testimony); in gentiles (
844. 3); in diminutives (
852. 1), often in combination with other diminutive suffixes (
αριο, ιδιο, υλλιο, etc.
852); often in combination with a final stem vowel (
851. 1, 858. 2).
6.
ια^, ια_: rarely primary, in
φύζα flight (
φεύγ-ω flee); in verbal abstracts:
μανία_ madness (840 a. 9); usually secondary in the fem. of adj. in
-ύς:
βαρεῖα ῀ βαρεῦ-ια, πίττα pitch (=
πικ-ῖα, cp. Lat.
pic-us),
γλῶττα tongue =
γλωχ-ια (cp.
γλωχ-ί_-ς point,
γλῶχ-ες beards of corn),
θῆττα serf (843 b. 4); in the nom. fem. of participles in
ντ, οτ (
λύ_ουσα from
λυ_οντ-ῖα, λελυκυ-ῖα); in denominative abstracts expressing quality (840 b. 1, 2); in names of persons:
ταμ-ία_-ς steward (
τέμ-ν-ω cut,
ἔ-ταμ-ον),
Νι_κ-ία_-ς Nicias (
νί_κη victory).—Often in combination with other suffixes:
αινα 843 b. 5;
-ε-ια 840 a. 9;
ισσα 843 b. 4;
τρια, τειρα_ 839 b. 2, 3.
7.
Ϝο, Ϝα_: primary, in
ὅρος for
ὅρ(
ϝ)
ος boundary,
κεν(
ϝ)
ός empty,
λα_ι(
ϝ)
ός left (Lat.
laevus),
καλ(
ϝ)
ός beautiful; (probably) secondary in verbals in
-τέος (
λυτέος that must be loosed) and in adj. in
-αλέος (
860. 1).
8.
υ (
ευ): primary, in adjectives (
858.
15), in substantives:
γέν-υ-ς chin,
πῆχ-υ-ς fore-arm.—9.
υ_: primary, in feminines:
ἰσχ-ύ_-ς strength,
ὀφρ-ῦ-ς eye-brow,
νέκ-υ_-ς (Hom.)
corpse, cf. Lat.
nec-are.—10.
ευ (
ηυ): primary of the agent (839 a. 5); rarely of things:
κοπ-εύ-ς chisel (
κόπ-τ-ω cut); secondary, of the person concerned (843 a. 1), in gentiles (
844. 1), rarely of things:
δονακ-εύ-ς reed-thicket (
δόναξ reed); in diminutives in
-ιδεύς (
853).—11.
οι (nom.
-ώ): primary in
πειθ-ώ πειθοῦς persuasion (
279).—12.
ωϜ (nom.
-ως): primary in
ἥρ-ως ἥρω-ος hero (
267).
[*] 860. SUFFIXES WITH LIQUIDS (
λ, ρ)
1.
λο, λα_: primary, in
φῦ-λο-ν race,
φυ_-λή clan (
φύ_-ω produce),
πῖ-λο-ς felt (Lat.
pi-lu-s),
ζεύγ-λη loop of a yoke (
ζεύγ-νυ_-μι yoke);
ἆθ-λο-ς contest,
ἆθλο-ν prize,
τυφ-λό-ς blind (
τύ_φ-ω raise a smoke),
στρεβ-λό-ς twisted (
στρέφ-ω turn). Cp.
858. 7. Secondary, in
παχυ-λό-ς thickish (dimin.).
αλο, αλα_: primary, in
ὀμφ-αλό-ς navel,
κρότ-αλο-ν clapper (
κρότ-ο-ς noise),
κεφ-αλή head,
τροχ-αλό-ς running (
τρέχ-ω),
πί_-αλο-ς fat (
πι_αίνω fatten); secondary, in
ὁμ-αλό-ς level (
ὁμό-ς one and the same). Developed from this are
αλεο, αλεα_:
πι_-αλέο-ς fat,
κερδ-αλέο-ς wily (
κέρδ-ος gain), see
858. 7.
ελο, ελα_: primary (prob.), in
εἴκ-ελο-ς like (
ἔοικα am like,
εἰκ-),
νεφ-έλη cloud (Lat.
nebula); secondary, in
θυ-μέ-λη altar.
ηλο, ηλα_:
κάπ-ηλο-ς huckster (agency),
θυ-ηλή sacrifice (
θύ_-ω),
ὑψ-ηλό-ς lofty (
ὕψ-ος height); primary or secondary:
ἀπατ-η-λό-ς guileful (
ἀπάτη guile,
ἀπατά-ω cheat),
σι_γ-ηλό-ς mute (
σι_γή silence,
σι_γά-ω am mute).
ιλο, ιλα_: primary, in
τροχ-ίλο-ς sandpiper (
τρέχ-ω run); secondary, in
ὀργ-ίλο-ς passionate (
ὀργή).
ι_λο, ι_λα: primary, in
στρόβ-ι_λο-ς top (
στρέφ-ω turn); secondary, in
πέδ-ι_λο-ν sandal (
πέδ-η fetter,
πούς foot).
υλο, υλα_: primary, in
δάκτ-υλο-ς finger,
σταφυλή bunch of grapes. Secondary, in
μι_κκ-ύλο-ς small (
μι_κκ-ό-ς).
υ_λο, υ_λα_:
σφονδ-ύ_λη beetle.
ωλο, ωλα_: primary, in
εἴδ-ωλο-ν image (
εἴδ-ομαι resemble),
εὐχ-ωλή prayer (
εὔχ-ομαι). Rare forms:
αλιο, αλιμο, ελιο, ηλιο.
2.
λυ: primary, in
θῆ-λυ-ς female (root
θη give suck).
3.
ρο, ρα_: primary, in substantives:
ἀγ-ρό-ς field, Lat.
ager (
ἄγ-ω),
νεκ-ρό-ς corpse (cp.
νέκ-υ_-ς),
γαμ-β-ρό-ς son-in-law (
γαμ-έ-ω marry, for
β see
130),
ἐχθ-ρό-ς enemy,
ἔχθ-ρα_ hatred (
ἔχθ-ω hate),
ἄργυ-ρο-ς silver,
ὕδ-ρα_ hydra (
ὕδ-ωρ water); rarely, of instrument 842. 6; of place, in
ἕδ-ρα_ seat; primary, in adjectives (
858.
13).
αρο, αρα_: primary, in
βλέφ-αρο-ν eye-lid (
βλέπ-ω look),
τάλ-αρο-ς basket (
τλάω, τλῆναι bear),
λιπ-αρό-ς shiny (cp.
λίπ-ος fat).
α_ρο (
ηρο),
α_ρα_ (
ηρα_): primary or secondary, in
ἀνι-α_-ρό-ς grievous (
ἀνία_ grief,
ἀνιά-ω grieve),
λυ_π-η-ρό-ς painful (
λύ_πη pain,
λυ_πέ-ω grieve); secondary, in
ἀνθ-ηρό-ς flowery (
ἄνθ-ος), and perhaps in
πον-ηρό-ς toilsome (
πόνο-ς, πονέ-ομαι toil).
ερο, ερα_: secondary, in
φοβε-ρό-ς terrible (
φόβο-ς terror), whence
σκι-ερό-ς shady (
σκιά_ shade); also in
πενθ-ερό-ς father-inlaw = lit. one who binds (cp.
πεῖσμα ῀ πενθ-σμα cable),
ἔν-εροι those below the earth (
ἐν).
υρο, υρα_: secondary, in
λιγυ-ρό-ς (
λιγύ-ς)
shrill, whence primary
ἄχ-υρο-ν chaff,
φλεγ-υρό-ς burning (
φλέγ-ω burn).
υ_ρο, υ_ρα_: primary or secondary, in
ἰσχυ_-ρό-ς strong (
ἰσχύ_-ω am strong,
ἰσχύ_-ς strength); primary, in
λέπ-υ_ρο-ν rind (
λέπ-ω peel),
γέφ-υ_ρα bridge.
ωρο, ωρα_: primary, in
ὀπ-ώρα_ late summer (
ὄπ-ισθεν at the rear, after).
4.
ρι (rare): primary, in
ἄκ-ρι-ς hill-top (
ἄκ-ρο-ς highest),
ἴδ-ρι-ς knowing (
εἶδον, ἰδεῖν).
5.
ρυ (rare): primary, in
δάκ-ρυ tear; cp. Old Lat.
dacruma for
lacrima.
6.
αρ: primary, in
ἧπ-αρ, ἥπατ-ος liver (253 b),
πῖ-αρ fat,
ἔ-αρ spring.—7.
ερ,
ηρ: primary, in
ἀ_ή_ρ ἀ_έρ-ος air (
ἄημι blow, of the wind),
αἰθ-ήρ, -έρ-ος upper air (
αἴθ-ω kindle).—8.
ωρ: primary: gen.
-ατ-ος:
ὕδ-ωρ water; gen.
-ωρος:
ἰ_χώρ ichor,
serum; gen.
-ορος: by analogy in
αὐτο-κράτ-ωρ possessing full powers (
κράτ-ος power).—9.
ωρα_: primary, in
πλη-θ-ώρη (Ionic)
satiety, cp.
832.
[*] 861. SUFFIXES WITH NASALS (
μ, ν)
1.
μο, μα_ (nom.
μο-ς; -μα^ and
-μη): primary, in substantives denoting actions or abstract ideas (840 a. 5-7), and in some concretes:
χυ_-μό-ς juice (
χέω pour,
χυ-),
γραμ-μή line (
γράφ-ω write,
draw); in adjectives (
858. 8, 9). On
-τ-μο -τ-μα, -θ-μο -θ-μα, -σ-μο -σ-μα see
837,
832, 836; secondary, rarely in substantives:
δρυ_-μό-ς coppice (
δρῦ-ς tree,
oak), or adjectives:
ἔτυ-μο-ς true (
ἐτεϝός real).—
ι-μο: secondary, derived from
ι stems (
858. 9).—2.
ματ (nom.
-μα): primary, denoting result (
841. 2). Here to
μα from
ṃ (cp.
ὄνομα name, Lat.
nomen; τέρμα goal, Lat.
termen)
τ has been added; cp.
cognomentum.—3.
μεν (nom.
-μην): primary, in
ποι-μήν shepherd,
λι-μήν harbour.—4.
μενο: primary, in participles:
λυ_ό-μενο-ς.—5.
μι (rare): primary, in
φῆ-μι-ς speech (poet. for
φή-μη).—6.
μιν (nom.
-μι_ς): prim.,
ῥηγ-μί_-ς surf (
ῥήγ-νυ_-μι break).—7.
μνο, μνα_: prim., in
στά-μνο-ς jar (
ἵ-στη-μι set,
stand,
στα-),
βέλε-μνο-ν dart (
βάλλω throw),
ποί-μνη flock,
λί-μνη lake.—8.
μον (nom.
-μων): primary, in
ἡγε-μών leader (
ἡγέ-ομαι lead); adjectives 858. 10.—9.
μονα_: primary, in
πλη-σ-μονή fulness (
πίμ-πλη-μι fill).—10.
μων (nom.
-μων): primary, in
χει-μών winter,
λει-μών meadow.
11.
νο, να_: primary, in
ὕπ-νο-ς sleep,
καπ-ϝό-ς smoke,
ποι-νή punishment,
φερ-νή dower (
φέρ-ω bring),
τέκ-νο-ν child (
τίκτω bear,
τεκ-), in adjectives (
858.
11); secondary, in adjectives (
858.
11), in
σελή-νη moon (=
σελασ-νη, σέλας gleam).—
ανο, ανα_: primary, in
στέφ-ανο-ς crown,
στεφ-άνη diadem (
στέφ-ω encircle),
δρέπ-ανο-ν, δρεπ-άνη sickle (
δρέπ-ω pluck),
ὄργ-ανο-ν instrument (
ἔργον work),
θηγ-άνη whetstone (
θήγ-ω whet); in adjectives:
στεγ-ανό-ς (cp.
στεγ-νός)
water-tight (
στέγ-ω shelter); secondary, in
βο-τ-άνη fodder (
βο-τό-ς, βό-σκω graze),
ἕδρ-ανο-ν seat (
ἕδ-ρα_ seat).
α_νο (
ηνο),
α_να_ (
ηνα_): secondary, in gentiles (
844. 3).
ενο, ενα_: primary, in
παρθ-ένο-ς maiden,
ὠλ-ένη elbow.
ηνο, ηνα_: primary, in
τι-θή-νη nurse (
θῆσθαι give suck).
ινο, ινα_: secondary, in adjectives of material and time (
858.
12), and in
ῥαδ-ινό-ς slender,
μελ-ίνη millet.
ινεο, ινεα_: secondary, in adjectives of material (
858.
12).
ι_νο, ι_να: primary, in
χαλ-ι_νό-ς bridle,
σέλ-ι_νο-ν parsley; secondary, in gentiles (
844. 3); in patronymics (
845. 6); in
ἐρυθρ-ῖνο-ς red mullet (
ἐρυθρό-ς red);
βολβ-ί_νη a kind of
βολβ-ός (a
bulb-root).
ονο, ονα_: primary, in
κλ-όνο-ς battle-rout (
κέλ-ομαι urge on); in abstracts, as
ἡδ-ονή pleasure (
ἥδ-ομαι am pleased).
υνο, υνα_: primary, in
κορ-ύνη club,
πίσ-υνο-ς relying on (
πείθ-ω persuade).
υ_νο, υ_να_: primary, in
κίνδ-υ_νο-ς danger,
αἰσχ-ύ_νη disgrace.
ωνο, ωνα_: primary, in
κολ-ωνό-ς hill,
κορ-ώ<*>η crow.—12.
νυ (rare): primary, in
λιγ-νύ-ς smoky fire.
13.
αινα: secondary, of the person concerned (843 b. 5).—14.
αν: primary, in
μέλα_ς μέλαν-ος black.—15.
εν (nom.
-ην): primary, in
τέρ-ην tender,
ἄρρ-ην male.—16.
ην: primary, in
πευθ-ήν inquirer (
πεύθ-ομαι, πυνθάνομαι inquire).—17.
ι_ν (nom.
-ι_ς): primary, in
δελφί_ς dolphin,
ὠδί_ς travail.— 18.
ον (nom.
-ων): primary, in words of agency:
τέκτ-ων carpenter,
τρυ_γ-ών turtle-dove (
τρύζω murmur,
τρυγ-),
κλύδ-ων wave (
κλύζω dash,
κλυδ-); and in others, as
εἰκ-ών image (
ἔοικα am like,
εἰκ-),
χι-ών snow.—19.
ιον: secondary, in
μαλακ-ίων darling, diminutive of
μαλακό-ς soft.—
ι_ον: primary, in comparatives;
ἡδ-ί_ων sweeter (
ἡδ-ύ-ς); secondary, in patronymics (
845.5). —
Ϝον: primary, in
πί_ων fat.—20.
ων: secondary, in words denoting persons possessing some physical or mental quality, as
γάστρ-ων glutton (
γαστήρ belly); to denote place (
851. 3); in names of months:
Ἀνθεστηριών.—21.
Ϝων: primary, in
αι᾽(
ϝ)
ών age, gen.
αἰῶν-ος.—22.
ιων: secondary, in patronymics (
845. 5).—23.
ιωνα_: secondary, in patronymics (
845. 6).
[*] 862. SUFFIXES WITH LABIALS (
π, φ)
1.
οπ: primary, in
σκόλ-οψ stake,
pale (
σκάλλω stir up; split?).—2.
ωπ: primary, in
κών-ωψ gnat.—3.
φο, φα_ (rare): primary, in
κρότ-αφοι the temples,
κορυ-φή head (
κόρυς helmet); usually in names of animals, as
ἔρ-φο-ς kid,
ἔλαφος deer; secondary, in late diminutives:
θηρ-άφιο-ν insect (
θήρ beast),
κερδ-ύφιο-ν petty gain (
κέρδ-ος gain).
[*] 863. SUFFIXES WITH DENTALS (
τ, δ, θ)
a. Suffixes with
τ.
1.
τ: primary, at the end of stems, as
ἀ-γνώς, ἀ-γνῶ-τ-ος unknown (
γι-γνώ-σκω know).
2.
το, τα_: primary, in verbal adjectives in
-τό-ς (
471) with the force of a perfect participle, as
γνω-τό-ς known (
γι-γνώ-σκω know),
στα-τό-ς placed,
standing (
ἴ-στη-μι set,
place), or with the idea of possibility, as
λυ-τό-ς able to be loosed; in verbal abstracts, which sometimes become concrete:
κοί-το-ς, κοί-τη bed (
κεῖ-μαι lie),
βρον-τή thunder (
βρέμ-ω roar),
φυ-τό-ν plant (
φύ_ω produce),
πο-τό-ν drink (
πί_νω drink,
πο- 529),
βιο-τός, βιο-τή life,
means of living (
βίο-ς life)
; in numerals,
τρί-το-ς third,
ἕκ-το-ς sex-tu-s.—In superlatives,
ισ-το primary, as
ἥδ-ιστο-ς sweetest (
ἡδ-ύ-ς);
τατο, secondary, as
ἀληθέσ-τατο-ς most true (
ἀληθής).—
τα_ (nom.
-τη-ς): primary, to denote the agent (839 a. 1); secondary, to denote the person concerned (843 a. 2).—
ατο, ατα_: primary, in
θάν-ατο-ς death (
θνῄ-σκω, θαν-εῖν die),
κάμ-ατο-ς weariness (
κάμ-νω, καμ-εῖν am weary).
ετο, ετα_: primary, in
παγ-ετό-ς frost (
πήγ-νυ_-μι make hard); secondary, in
εὐν-έτη-ς bed-fellow (
εὐνή bed, 843 a. N.).
α_τα_ α_τιδ, ητα_ ητιδ, ι_τα_ ι_τιδ, ωτα_ ωτιδ, in gentiles (
844. 2).
3.
τα_τ (
τητ): secondary, in substs. denoting quality (840 b. 4).—4.
τεϝο: primary, in verbal adjectives (
473).—5.
τειρα_: primary, of the agent (839 b. 3).—6.
τερο: secondary, in comparatives (
313); substantivized in
ἔν-τερο-ν bowel.—7.
τηρ: primary, to denote the agent (839 a. 2), often regarded as the instrument:
ῥαιστήρ hammer (838 a),
ἀρυ-τήρ ladle.—8.
τηρ-ιο: compound suffix, of place (
851. 2), of means (
842. 4), of wages (
842. 5):
θρεπ-τήρια reward for rearing (
τρέφ-ω); in adjectives, 858. 14.—9.
τι: primary, to denote action or an abstract idea (840 a. 1); rarely, of persons:
μάν-τι-ς seer (
μαίν-ομαι rage,
am inspired,
μαν-).—10.
τιδ: primary, of the agent (839 b. 4).—11.
τορ: primary, of the agent (839 a. 3).—12.
τρα_: primary, of instrument or means (
842. 3); of place (
851. 6).—13.
τρια_ (nom.
-τρια): primary, of the agent (839 b. 2).—14.
τριδ (nom.
-τρίς): primary, of the agent (839 b. 1). —15.
τριο: secondary, in
ἀλλό-τρ-ιο-ς belonging to another.—16.
τρο (
-τρο-ς, -τρο-ν): primary, to denote the agent (839 a. 4), instrument (
842. 1), place, as
θέα_-τρο-ν theatre (
place for seeing),
λέκ-τρο-ν bed.— 17.
τυ: primary, of actions or abstract ideas (840 a. 4); in
ἄσ-τυ city,
φῖ-τυ sprout (
φύ_-ω produce); secondary, denoting connection with a numeral:
τριτ-τύ-ς third of a tribe (
τρί-το-ς third).
18.
α_τ: primary, in
κέρα_ς, κέρα_τ-ος (and
κέρως,
258)
horn.—19.
ητ: primary, in
πένης, -ητ-ος serf (
πέν-ομαι toil),
πλάν-ητ-ες planets (
πλανά-ω wander). —20.
ιτ: primary, in
μέλι, -ιτ-ος honey (Lat.
mel),
χάρ-ις grace (
χαίρω rejoice,
χαρ-). See
859. 4.—21.
ι_τιδ (nom.
-ῖτις, fem.): secondary in words denoting place (
851. 4).—22.
ωτ: primary, in
γέλως, -ωτος laughter (
γελά-ω laugh).—23.
ντ: primary, in active participles (except the perfect), as
λύ_ο-ντ-ος; in some adjectives inflected like participles (
ἑκών willing), and in participial substantives:
δράκ-ων serpent (
δέρκ-ομαι gleam,
δρακ-εῖν), also in
λέων lion,
ἀδάμα_ς adamant. —24.
ϝεντ (nom.
-εις): secondary, in adjectives denoting
fulness (
858. 3), and in some proper names of places:
Ὀποῦς Opus from
Ὀποϝεντ-ς (
844. 3).
b. Suffixes with
δ.
1.
δ: secondary, in patronymics (
845. 1).—2.
δ-ανο: secondary, in
οὐτιδανό-ς a nobody (
οὔτις nobody), properly from
τιδ, neuter of
τὶ, +
ανό-ς. —
ε-δανο: primary, in
ῥι_γ-ε-δανό-ς chilling (
ῥι_γ-έω shudder).—3.
δ-απο: secondary, in
ἀλλοδαπός foreign, properly =
ἀλλοδ, neuter of
ἄλλος (cp.
aliud), +
από-ς.—4.
δ-α_: secondary, in patronymics (
845. 1).—5.
δ-ιο:
στά-δ-ιο-ς standing (
ἴ-στη-μι), with
δ prob. from a word containing the suffix
δ, as
ἀμ-φάδιο-ς public from
ἀμ-φαδό-ν publicly.—6.
δων: primary, in
μελ-ε-δών care (
μέλει is a care),
ἀλγ-η-δών pain (
ἀλγέ-ω suffer); secondary, in
κοτυληδών a cup-shaped hollow (
κοτύλη cup); cp.
ἀχθ-η-δών distress (
ἄχθ-ος burden).—7.
δωνα_: primary, in
μελ-ε-δώνη care (see
δων).
8.
αδ: primary, in
νιφ-άς, -άδ-ος snow-flake (
νί_φ-ω, better
νείφ-ω,
snow),
φυγ-άς exile (
φεύγ-ω flee,
φυγ-),
λαμπ-άς torch (
λάμπ-ω shine); secondary, in abstract feminines denoting number (840 b. 5).—9.
ιαδ, 10.
ιαδα_: secondary, in patronymics (
845. 3).—11.
αδιο: secondary, in
κατ-ωμ-άδιο-ς from the shoulder (
ὦμο-ς), derived from
διχθ-άδ-ιο-ς divided (
διχθάς, -άδος divided).—12.
ιδ: primary, in
ἀσπ-ίς, -ίδ-ος shield,
ἐλπ-ίς hope (
ἔλπομαι hope); secondary, in adj. as
συμμαχίς allied (
πόλις) from
σύμμαχο-ς allied with; in words denoting the person concerned (843 b. 2); in gentiles (
844. 1), as
Περσίς Persian woman; in feminine patronymics (
845. 4).—13.
ιδα_: secondary, in patronymics (
845. 4).—14.
ιδεο: secondary, in names of relationship (
850).— 15.
ιδευ: secondary, in diminutives (
853).—16.
ιδιο: secondary, in diminutives (
852. 2), and transferred in
μοιρ-ίδιο-ς doomed (
μοῖρα doom). —17.
ι_δ: secondary, in
κνημί_ς greave (
κνήμη leg,
thigh).—18.
νδα_: secondary, in patronymics (
846, e).—19.
ωδες: secondary, in adjectives of fulness (
858.
16).
c. Suffixes with
θ.
1.
θ appears in suffixes that are obscure in relation to root or stem (
832):
ὄρνι_ς ὄρνι_θ-ος bird,
ψάμαθος sand,
κύαθος cup,
πέλεθος ordure; several in
-νθ (probably not Greek), as
ἐρέβ-ινθος chick-pea.—2.
θλο, θλα_: primary, in
γέν-ε-θλο-ν, γεν-έ-θλη race (
γίγ-νομαι become,
γεν-).—3.
θλιο: secondary, in
γεν-έ-θλιο-ς belonging to one's birth.—4.
θρο, θρα: primary, in
ἄρ-θρο-ν joint (
ἀραρίσκω join,
ἀρ-),
ἐπι-βά-θρα_ ladder (
βαίνω go,
βα-).
[*] 864. SUFFIXES WITH PALATALS (
κ, γ, χ)
1.
κο, κα_: primary (rare), in
θή-κη box (
τί-θη-μι place); secondary, in adjectives (
858.6).—
ακο (rare): primary, in
μαλ-ακό-ς soft (cp. Lat.
mollis); secondary in adjectives (
858. 6. c).—
ιακο: secondary, in
κυ_ρ-ιακό-ς of the Lord.—
ικο, ικα_: secondary, in adjectives (
858. 6), in gentiles (
844. 3). —2.
σκο, σκα_: primary, in
δίσκος quoit ( =
δικ +
σκο-ς from
δικ-εῖν throw),
βο-σκή food (cp.
βό-σκω feed).—
ισκο: secondary, in diminutives (
852. 6).
3.
ακ: primary, in
μεῖραξ lass,
μειράκ-ιο-ν lad dimin. 854,
κόλαξ flatterer.— 4.
α_κ: primary, in
θώρα_ξ breast-plate.—5.
ικ: primary, in
κύλιξ cup,
ἧλιξ comrade.—6.
ι_κ: primary, in
πέρδιξ, -ι_κος partridge.—7.
υ_κ: primary, in
κῆρυξ, -υ_κος herald.
8.
αγ: primary, in
ἅρπαξ rapacious,
ἁρπαγ-ή seizure (cp.
ἁρπάζω seize).— 9.
ι_γ: primary, in
μάστιξ, -ι_γ-ος whip.—10.
υγ: primary, in
ἄντυξ, -υγος rim.—11.
γγ: primary, denoting something hollow, in
φάλαγξ phalanx,
σάλπιγξ trumpet,
λάρυγξ larynx.
12.
ιχο: secondary, in
ὀρτάλ-ιχο-ς chick, dimin. (
ὀρταλί-ς chicken).
[*] 865. SUFFIXES WITH SIGMA1.
σι ( =
τι): primary, denoting actions or abstract ideas (840 a. 2); rarely of persons:
πό-σι-ς husband.—2.
σια_: primary, denoting actions or abstract ideas (840 a. 3).—3.
σιο: primary, in
μετ-άρ-σιο-ς raised from the ground (
μετ-αίρω lift up,
ἀρ-).—4.
σιμο: in adj. (
858. 9).—5.
στηνο: in
δύ(
ς)
στηνο-ς unhappy.—6.
στο: secondary, in
τρια_κοστό-ς thirtieth from
τρια_κοντ +
το-ς.—7.
συνο, συνα_: secondary, in adjectives:
δουλό-συνος enslaved (
δοῦλο-ς),
θάρσυνος bold =
θαρσο-συνος (
θάρσ-ος courage, 129 c), and in the feminine, to make abstract substantives (840 b. 3).
8.
ας: primary, in
γέρ-ας prize; varying with
ατ, as in
τέρ-ας τέρατ-ος portent (
258), or with
ες (264 D. 3).—9.
ες: primary, denoting quality (840 a. 8) or result (
841. 1) in adjectives (
858. 5.)—10.
ις: primary, in
κόνις dust, found in
κονί_ω ( =
κονισ-ῖω, 500. 2, D).—11.
ισσα_: secondary, in words denoting the person concerned (843 b. 4).—12.
ος: primary, in
αἰδώς shame (
αἰδοῦς from
αἰδο (
ς)
-ος,
266).—13.
ι_ος: primary, in comparatives (293 d,
318).