CONSONANTS BEFORE I AND E
[*] 109. Numerous changes occur before the semivowel
[ιγλιδε] (=
y,
20) before a vowel. This
y is often indicated by the sign
[ιγλιδε]. In 110-117 (except in
115)
[ιγλιδε] is =
y.
[*] 110.
λ[ιγλιδε] becomes
λλ:
ἄλλος for
ἀλιος Lat.
alius,
ἅλλομαι for
ἁλ[ιγλιδε]ομαι Lat.
salio,
φύλλον for
φυλ[ιγλιδε]ον Lat.
folium.
[*] 111. After
αν, ον, αρ, ορ, [ιγλιδε] is shifted to the preceding syllable, forming
αιν, οιν, αιρ, οιρ. This is called Epenthesis (
ἐπένθεσις insertion).
φαίνω show for
φαν-[ιγλιδε]ω, μέλαινα black for
μελαν-[ιγλιδε]α, σπαίρω gasp for
σπαρ-[ιγλιδε]ω, μοῖρα fate for
μορ-[ιγλιδε]α. (So
κλαίω weep for
κλαϝ-[ιγλιδε]ω 38 a.) On
ι after
εν, ερ, ιν, ιρ, υν, υρ, see 37 a.
[*] 112.
κ[ιγλιδε], χ[ιγλιδε] become
ττ (=
σς 78):
φυλάττω guard for
φυλακ-[ιγλιδε]ω (cp.
φυλακή guard),
ταράττω disturb for
ταραχ-[ιγλιδε]ω (cp.
ταραχή disorder).
[*] 113. (I)
τ[ιγλιδε], θ[ιγλιδε] after long vowels, diphthongs, and consonants become
ς; after short vowels
τ[ιγλιδε], θ[ιγλιδε] become
σς (not =
ττ 78), which is simplified to
ς.
αἶσα fate from
αἰτ-[ιγλιδε]α, πᾶσα all from
παντ-[ιγλιδε]α, μέσος middle (Hom.
μέσσος) from
μεθ-[ιγλιδε]ος (cp. Lat.
med-ius),
τόσος so great (Hom.
τόσσος) from
τοτ-[ιγλιδε]ος (cp. Lat.
toti-dem).
a. In the above cases
τ[ιγλιδε] passed into
τς. Thus
παντ-[ιγλιδε]α, παντσα, πανσσα, πάνσα (Cretan, Thessalian),
πᾶσα (37 D. 3).
[*] 114. (II)
τ[ιγλιδε], θ[ιγλιδε] become
ττ (=
σς 78):
μέλιττα bee from
μελιτ-ια (cp.
μέλι, -ιτος honey),
κορύττω equip from
κορυθ-[ιγλιδε]ω (cp.
κόρυς, -υθος helmet).
a. χαρίεσσα graceful and other feminine adjectives in
-εσσα are poetical, and therefore do not assume the native Attic prose form in
ττ. But see 299 c.
b. ττ from
τ[ιγλιδε], θ[ιγλιδε] is due to analogy, chiefly of
ττ from
κ[ιγλιδε].
[*] 115.
τ before final
ι often becomes
ς. Thus,
τίθησι places for
τίθητι; also in
πλούσιος rich for
πλουτ-ιος (cp.
πλοῦτος wealth).
a. ντ before final
ι becomes
νς, which drops
ν:
ἔχουσι they have for
ἔχοντι (
37).
[*] 115 D. Ioric often retains
τ (
τίθητι, ἔχοντι).
σέ is not from (Dor.)
τέ (cp. Lat.
te), no is
σοί from
τοί.
[*] 116.
δ[ιγλιδε] between vowels and
γ[ιγλιδε] after a vowel form
ζ: thus,
ἐλπίζω hope for
ἐλπιδ-[ιγλιδε]ω, πεζός on foot for
πεδ-[ιγλιδε]ος (cp.
πεδ-ίο-ν ground),
ἁρπάζω seize for
ἁρπαγ-[ιγλιδε]ω (cp.
ἅρπαξ rapacious). After a consonant
γ[ιγλιδε] forms
δ:
ἔρδω work from
ἐργ-[ιγλιδε]ω.
[*] 117.
π[ιγλιδε] becomes
πτ, as in
χαλέπτω oppress from
χαλεπ-[ιγλιδε]ω.
ρ[εγλιδε] becomes
ρρ in
Βορρᾶς from
Βορέα_ς Boreas. Here
ε was sounded nearly like
y (
44,
61 a).
Part I: Letters, Sounds, Syllables, Accent
Part II: Inflection
