Relative ὡς as an Adverb
[*] 2990. In comparative clauses, often correlated with
οὕτως. Thus, ““
πιστὸς ἦν, ὡς ὑ_μεῖς ἐπίστασθε”
I was faithful, as you know”
X. A. 3.3.2,
ἐκέλευσε τοὺς Ἕλληνας, ὡς νόμος αὐτοῖς εἰς μάχην, οὕτω ταχθῆναι he ordered the Greeks (
thus)
to be stationed as was their custom for battle 1. 2. 15. Cp.
2462 ff. In similes and comparisons, 2481 ff.
[*] 2991.
ὡς is rarely used for
ἤ after comparatives; as ““
μή μου προκήδου μᾶσσον ὡς ἐμοὶ γλυκύ”
care not for me further than I wish”
A. Pr. 629. Cp.
1071.
[*] 2992. In adverbial clauses
ὡς is often used parenthetically; as
ὡς ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ as it seems to me. Instead of
ὡς δοκεῖ, ὡς ἔοικε the personal construction is often preferred; as ““
ἀπέπλευσαν, ὡς μὲν τοῖς πλείστοις ἐδόκουν, φιλοτι_μηθέντες”
they sailed away out of jealousy, as it seemed to most people”
X. A. 1.4.7.
[*] 2993.
ὡς restrictive for (cp.
ut), involving the judgment of the observer, occurs often in elliptical phrases; as (
Βρα_σίδα_ς)
ἦν οὐδὲ ἀδύνατος, ὡς Λακεδαιμόνιος, εἰπεῖν Brasidas was, for a Lacedaemonian,
not a bad speaker either T. 4.84,
ταῦτα ἀκούσα_ς Ξέρξης ὡς ἐκ κακῶν ἐχάρη on hearing this Xerxes rejoiced as much <*> could be expected
considering his misfortunes Hdt. 8.101. On
ὡς restrictive with the dative, cp. 1495 a,
1497; with the absolute infinitive, 2012.
[*] 2994.
ὡς is often used to heighten a superlative (
1086).
[*] 2995. With numerals and words indicating degree
ὡς means
about,
nearly,
not far from; as ““
ὁπλί_τα_ς ἔχων ὡς πεντακοσίους”
having about five hundred hoplites”
X. A. 1.2.3, ““
ὡς ἐπὶ πολύ”
for the most part”
P. R. 377b (lit.
about over the great（
er)
part).
[*] 2996.
ὡς often indicates the thought or the assertion of the subject of the principal verb or of some other person prominent in the sentence. Here
ὡς expresses a real intention or an avowed plea. So often with participles (
2086); and also with the prepositions
εἰς, ἐπί, πρός; as ““
ἀπέπλεον . . . ἐκ τῆς Σικελία_ς ὡς ἐς τὰ_ς Ἀθήνα_ς”
they sailed away from Sicily as though bound for Athens”
T. 6.61.
[*] 2997.
ὡς ἕκαστος means
each for himself; as
ἀπέπλευσαν ἐξ Ἑλλησπόντου ὡς ἕκαστοι (
ἀπέπλευσαν) ““
κατὰ πόλεις”
they sailed away from the Hellespont each to his own State”
T. 1.89.
[*] 2998.
ὡς exclamatory (
2682) may be the relative adverb
ὡς how, the relative clause originally being used in explanation of an exclamation. Exclamatory
ὡς has also been explained as
ὡς demonstrative (
so).
[*] 2999. On
ὡς in wishes, see
1815.
