Herbert Weir Smyth, A Greek Grammar for Colleges

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εἰς, ἐς

[*] 1686. εἰς, ἐς into, to, opposed to ἐξ; from ἐν ¨ ς (cp. Lat. abs from ab + s). See on ἐν. On εἰς with the genitive by ellipsis, see 1302.

1. εἰς with the Accusative only

In the Old Attic alphabet (2 a), generally used in Attica in the fifth century, ΕΣ was written, and this may be either εἰς or ἐς. In the fourth century ΕΙΣ was generally written. In Thuc. ἐς is printed, but its correctness may be doubted; other Attic prose writers use εἰς, the poets εἰς or (less frequently) ἐς. It is not true that in poetry ἐς is used only before consonants, εἰς only before vowels.

a. Local: of the goal: ““Σικελοὶ ἐξ Ἰταλία_ς διέβησαν ἐς Σικελία_ν” the Sicels crossed over out of Italy into Sicily” T. 6.2; with a personal object: ἦλθεν ἐκ τῆς Ἀσία_ς ἐς ἀνθρώπους ἀπόρους he came from Asia to (a land of) poor men T. 1.9, ἐσπέμπει γράμματα ἐς (v. l. πρὸς) βασιλέα_ he dispatches a letter to (the palace of) the king 1. 137 (of sending, etc., to individuals ὡς or πρός is used); against: ““ἐστράτευσαν ἐς τὴν Ἀττικήν” they invaded Attica” T. 3.1, πόλεμος τοῖς Κορινθίοις ἐς τοὺς Ἀθηναίους war between the Corinthians and the Athenians 1. 55; with verbs of rest, 1659 b. The idea of motion holds where Eng. uses in or at: ““τελευτᾶν εἴς τι” to end in” T. 2.51. Extension: ““Πελοποννησίους διαβαλεῖν ἐς τοὺς Ἕλληνας” to raise a prejudice against the Peloponnesians among the Greeks” T. 3.109; in the presence of (coram): ἐς τὸ κοινὸν λέγειν to speak before the assembly 4. 58.

b. Temporal: of the goal: up to, until: ““ἐς ἐμέ” up to my time” Hdt. 1.52, ἐς τέλος finally 3. 40; at (by) such a time (of a fixed or expected time): προεῖπε εἰς τρίτην ἡμέρα_ν παρεῖναι commanded them to be present on the third day X. C. 3.1.42, ἥκετε εἰς τρια_κοστὴν ἡμέρα_ν come on the thirtieth day 5. 3. 6. Limit of time attained: ““εἰς τοιοῦτον καιρὸν ἀφι_γμένοι” arriving at such a time” L. 16.5. Extension (over future time): ““εἰς τὸν λοιπὸν χρόνον” in all future time” L. 16.2.

c. Measure and Limit with numerals: εἰς χι_λίους to the number of (up to) a thousand X. A. 1.8.5, εἰς δύο two abreast 2. 4. 26, ““ἐς δραχμήν” to the amount of a drachma” T. 8.29.

d. Other relations: Goal, Purpose, Intention: ““ἡ σὴ πατρὶς εἰς σὲ ἀποβλέπει” your country looks for help to you” X. H. 6.1.8, ““χρῆσθαι εἰς τὰ_ς σφενδόνα_ς” to use for the slings” X. A. 3.4.17, ““παιδεύειν εἰς ἀρετήν” to train with a view to virtue” P. G. 519e. Relation to: ““καλὸν εἰς στρατιά_ν” excellent for the army” X. C. 3.3.6, often in Thuc. ( = πρός with accus.). Manner: ““εἰς καιρόν” in season” X. C. 3.1.8, εἰς δύναμιν to the extent of one's powers 4. 5. 52.

2. εἰς in Composition

Into, in, to (εἰσβαίνειν enter, εἰσπρά_ττειν get in, exact a debt).