Herbert Weir Smyth, A Greek Grammar for Colleges

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[*] 1288. The nominative may be used in exclamations as a predicate with the subject unexpressed: ““ὦ πικρὸς θεοῖς” oh loathed of heaven” S. Ph. 254, ““φίλος ὦ Μενέλα_ε” ah dear Menelaus” Δ 189; and connected with the vocative by and: ““ὦ πόλις καὶ δῆμε” oh city and people” Ar. Eq. 273. In exclamations about a person: ““ὢ γενναῖος” oh the noble man” P. Phae. 227c.

a. οὗτος is regular in address: οὗτος, τί πάσχεις, ὦ Ξανθία_; ho there, I say, Xanthias, what is the matter with you? Ar. Vesp. 1; ὦ οὗτος, Αἴα_ς ho there, I say, Ajax S. Aj. 89.