William Watson Goodwin, Syntax of the Moods and Tenses of the Greek Verb

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Statistics of the Use of the Final Particles.

The following tables are based on the statistics given by Dr. Philipp Weber in his Entwickelungsgeschichte der Absichtssätze.

1. Statistics of the use of the Final Particles in pure final clauses by different authors.

	Ὄφρα	Ὄφρα κε or ἄν	Ἵνα	Ὥς	Ὡς ἄν or ὥς κε	Ὅπως	Ὄπως ἄν with Subj.1
Homer	223	14	145	24 2	38	9
Hom. Hymns	8	1 (opt.)	5	...	2 (opt.)
Hesiod	10	...	11	3	3
Pindar	11	...	...	3	1 (opt.)	1
Aeschylus	...	...	2	23	11	11	53
Sophocles	...	...	14	52	5	31	2
Euripides	...	...	71	182	27	19	7
Aristophanes	...	...	183	34	14	185	24
Herodotus	...	...	107	16	11	13 6	5
Thucydides	...	...	52	1	1	114
Xenophon	...	...	213	83	8 7	221	14
Plato	...	...	368	1	...	23	25
Ten Orators	...	...	5798	3 or 49	...	42	12
Demosthenes	...	...	253	...	...	14	4

2. Statistics of the use of the four Final Particles in pure final clauses in the Iliad and the Odyssey.

	SUBJ.	FUT. IND.	OPT.
ὄφρα (pure)	Il. 89 Od. 82 171	2 2 4	22 26 48	Il. 113 Od. 110 223
ὄφρα κε	Il. 1 Od. 6 7	... ...	1 0 1	Il. 2 Od. 6 8
ὄφρ᾽ ἄν	Il. 2 Od. 3 7	... ...	0 1 1	Il. 2 Od. 4 6
				Total cases of ὄφρα 237
ἵνα (pure)	Il. 45 Od. 48 93	... ...	22 30 52	Il. 67 Od. 78 145
ὡς (pure)	Il. 10 Od. 2 12	... ...	6 6 12	Il. 16 Od. 8 24
ὥς κε	Il. 11 Od. 9 20	... ...	0 5 5	Il. 11 Od. 14 25
ὡς ἄν	Il. 3 Od. 6 9	... ...	1 3 4	Il. 4 Od. 9 13
				Total cases of ὡς 62
ὅπως (pure)	Il. 0 Od. 1 1	0 1 1	2 5 7	Il. 2 Od. 7 9

3. Examples of ὡς and ὅπως in object clauses in Homer after verbs of planning, trying, etc. (see § 341).

Simple ὡς with subjunctive: Il. ii. 4 (some read opt.), Od. v. 24. (2). Ὥς κε with subjunctive: Il. iv. 66 (=71), Il. ix. 112, Il. xv. 235, Il. xxi. 459; Od. i. 205, Od. ii. 168, Od. 316, Od. 368, Od. v. 31, Od. vii. 192. (10).

Simple ὅπως with subjunctive: Il. iii. 19, Il. 110, Il. xvii 635, Il. 713, Od. i. 77, Od. xiii. 365, Od. 386. (7). Ὅπως κε with subjunctive: Od. i. 270, Od. 295, Od. iv. 545; so Il. ix. 681, if this is subjunctive (4).

Ὡς with optative: Il. ix. 181; Od. vi. 112. (2) Ὅπως with optative: Il. xiv. 160, Il. xxi. 137, Il. xxiv. 680; Od. iii. 129, Od. viii. 345, Od. ix. 420, Od. 554, Od. xi. 229, Od. 480, Od. xv. 170, Od. 203. (11).

Weber cites ὅππως κεν σόῳς in Il. ix. 681 as optative, and omits Od. iii. 19 as a suspected verse.

The following verbs are used to introduce this construction in Homer: φράζομαι and its compounds, 14 times; βουλεύω and βουλὴν εἰπεῖν, 5 times; πειρῶ, 5 times; μερμηρίζω, 4 times; ὁρμαίνω and λίσσομαι, each twice; and νοέω, λεύσσω, μῆτιν ὕφηνον, and μνήσομαι, each once. (36 total)