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οὕτω γ᾽ ἂν ᾤετο: in that case he would have been thinking, i.e. “would have been forced to think,” as Socrates himself was one of the πένητες. For the impf., see on i.1.5; and for the meaning of πένητας, cf. the discussion between Socrates and Euthydemus iv. 2. 37 ff.—ἀλλὰ δεῖν κτλ.: “he who neither in war nor in public life can serve the state or be useful to the people should be kept out of public and military life.”

ἄλλως τε: and especially, not to be confused with the similar and more common ἄλλως τε καί both in other respects, and particularly.

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