[*] 257. Gnomic perfect and future. The so-called gnomic perfect and gnomic future correspond to English uses. The gnomic future is based on expectation, the gnomic perfect on experience. Perfect: “πολλοὶ . . . ἤδη δοῦλοι . . . σεσώκασι δεσπότας”, PLATO, Legg. 776D-E; Many slaves ere now have saved masters. ANDOC. [4]. 19: “ὅστις δὲ ὑπερορᾷ ταῦτα, τὴν μεγίστην φυλακὴν ἀνῄρηκε τῆς πόλεως”, Whoso overlooks this, has taken away the greatest safeguard of the state. PLATO, Legg. 776D-E (see above). HDT.2.6: “ὅσοι μὲν γὰρ γεωπεῖναί εἰσι ἀνθρώπων, ὀργυιῇσι μεμετρήκασι τὴν χώρην, ὅσοι δὲ ἧσσον γεωπεῖναι, σταδίοισι, κτἑ”. AR. Vesp. 493-5: “ἢν μὲν ὠνῆταί τις ὀρφώς, μεμβράδας δὲ μὴ θέλῃ”, | “εὐθέως εἴρηχ᾽ ὁ πωλῶν πλησίον τὰς μεμβράδας:” | “οὗτος ὀψωνεῖν ἔοιχ᾽ ἅνθρωπος ἐπὶ τυραννίδι”. Pl. 567-9: “σκέψαι . . . τοὺς ῥήτορας, ὡς ὁπόταν μὲν” | “ὦσι πένητες, περὶ τὸν δῆμον . . . εἰσὶ δίκαιοι, πλουτήσαντες δ᾽ ἀπὸ τῶν κοινῶν παραχρῆμ᾽ ἄδικοι γεγένηνται”. EUR. fr. 1028: “ὅστις νέος ὢν μουσῶν ἀμελεῖ”, | “τόν τε παρελθόντ᾽ ἀπόλωλε χρόνον” | “καὶ τὸν μέλλοντα τέθνηκεν”. PIND. O. 1.54: “ἀκέρδεια λέλογχεν θαμινὰ κακαγόρους”. P. 3.54: “κέρδει καὶ σοφία δέδεται”. THEOGN. 109-10: “ἄπληστον γὰρ ἔχουσι κακοὶ νόον: ἢν δ᾽ ἓν ἁμάρτῃς”, | “τῶν πρόσθεν πάντων ἐκκέχυται φιλότης”. SOLON, 13.27-8: “αἰεὶ δ᾽ οὔ ἑ λέληθε διαμπερές, ὅστις ἀλιτρὸν” | “θυμὸν ἔχῃ, πάντως δ᾽ ἐς τέλος ἐξεφάνη”. TYRT.11.14: “τρεσσάντων δ᾽ ἀνδρῶν πᾶς᾿ ἀπόλωλ̓ ἀρετή”. HOM. Il. 5.531-2: “αἰδομένων δ᾽ ἀνδρῶν πλέονες σόοι ἠὲ πέφανται:” | “φευγόντων δ᾽ οὔτ᾽ ἂρ κλέος ὄρνυται οὔτε τις ἀλκή”. 15.139-40: “ἤδη γάρ τις τοῦ γε βίην καὶ χεῖρας ἀμείνων” | “ἢ πέφατ᾽ ἢ καὶ ἔπειτα πεφήσεται”.
Syntax of Classical Greek from Homer to Demosthenes. Basil L. Gildersleeve. New York. American Book Company. 1900.
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