Basil L. Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek

In oaths the article is required except with the name of Zeus. With the name of Zeus familiarity has brought about the fading of the oath, and the article is usually omitted.

“νὴ τὴν Δήμητρ”（“α”), DEM.19.262; By Demeter. “νὴ τὸν Δία καὶ πάντας θεούς”, 8.49; By Zeus and all the gods. “νὴ Δί”（“α”), 19.46. “μὰ Δί᾽ οὐκ ἔγωγε”, 1.19; By Zeus, not I. “πρὸς Διός”, 18.201; Before Zeus.

DEM.1.19: “μὰ Δί”（“α”). So elsewhere, but “οὐ μὰ Δία” is much more frequent. 3.32: “μὰ τὴν Δήμητρ”（“α”). 4.10: “νὴ Δί” (“α”). So about a hundred times, but “νὴ τὸν Δία” rare in comparison. 4.11: “οὐ μὰ Δί”（“α”) (see note on 1.19). 8.49: “νὴ τὸν Δία καὶ πάντας θεούς” (see note on 4.10). 9.15 (= 14.12): “ὦ πρὸς τοῦ Διός”, but regularly “πρὸς Διός. 9.54: μὰ τὸν Δία καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους θεσύς. μὰ τὸν Δία” is generally followed by an additional accusative, as here, and is more common than “μὰ Δία”, but less frequent than “οὐ μὰ Δία. οὐ μὰ τὸν Δία” is less common than the other three formulae. 18.199: “πρὸς Διὸς καὶ θεῶν” (see note on 9.15). 201 (see above). 18.307: “οὐ μὰ Δί”（“α”) (see note on 1.19). 19.46 (see above). 262 (see above). 21.198: “νὴ τὸν Δία καὶ τὸν Ἀπόλλω καὶ τὴν Ἀθηνᾶν. 24.199: μὰ τὴν Ἀθηνᾶν”. [50] 13: “μὰ τὸν Δία καὶ τὸν Ἀπόλλω”. [52] 9: “μὰ τὸν Δία καὶ τὸν Ἀπόλλω καὶ τὴν Δήμητρα”.

AESCHIN.1.28: “νὴ Δία” (so 98. 3.172. 217). 1.52: “μὰ τὸν Διόνυσον”. 1.55 (= 76. 3.255): “μὰ τὸν Δία τὸν Ὀλύμπιον”. 1.61 (= 69): “μὰ Δία. 70: πρὸς τοῦ Διὸς καὶ τῶν ἄλλων θεῶν. 73: νὴ τὸν Ποσειδῶ. 79: φέρε δὴ πρὸς τοῦ Διός”. 81 (= 88. 108): “νὴ τὸν Δία καὶ τὸν Ἀπόλλω”. 87 (= 3.156): “πρὸς τοῦ Διὸς καὶ θεῶν”. 88 (= 3.212): “μὰ τὸν Ἡρακλέα”.

PLATO. “νὴ Δία”: “νὴ τὸν Δία”:: 2.5: 1 (Schanz, Comm. Nov. p. 18). “μὰ Δία” is the rule, “μὰ τὸν Δία” rare (l.c. p. 23). “ναὶ μὰ Δία”: “ναὶ μὰ τὸν Δία”:: 11: 1, and “οὐ μὰ Δία”: “οὐ μὰ τὸν Δία”:: 53: 100 (l.c. p. 21). Conv. 214 D: “μὰ τὸν Ποσειδῶ”. Euthyd. 295 C: “οὐ τοίνυν μὰ Δία ἀποκρινοῦμαι . . . πρότερον πρὶν ἂν πύθωμαι”. 307 B: “ναὶ μὰ τὸν Δία”. Euthyph. 5 C: “νῦν οὖν πρὸς Διὸς λέγε μοι”. (So “πρὸς Διός” often.) Gorg. 449 D: “νὴ τὴν Ἥραν” (elsew.). 463 D: “μὰ τὸν Δία”. Cf. 466 E: “μὰ τὸν οὐ σύ γε”. 503 B: “ἀλλὰ μὰ Δί᾽ οὐκ ἔχω ἔγωγέ σοι εἰπεῖν”. 519 E: “εἰπὲ πρὸς Φιλίου”. Legg. 662 C: “ὦ πρὸς Διός τε καὶ Ἀπόλλωνος”. 715 D: “ναὶ μὰ Δί᾽ ὦ ξένε”. Phaedo 94 E: “νὴ Δία, ὦ Σώκρατες ἔμοιγε δοκῶ”. Rpb. 374 E: “μὰ Δία . . . οὐκ ἄρα φαῦλον πρᾶγμα ἠράμεθα”. Theaet. 142 D: “οὐ μὰ τὸν Δία”. 152 C: “πρὸς Χαρίτων” (exceptional). 170 E: “νὴ τὸν Δία, ὦ Σώκρατες”.

XEN. Cyr. 1.4.19: “νὴ τὸν Δία” . (So 2.2.28. 30. Mem. 4.2.8.) 1.6.9: “μὰ τὸν Δία” . (So Conv. 4.3. Hiero, 1.32. Mem. 3.13.3.) 1.6.19: “ἀλλὰ ναὶ μὰ τὸν Δία” . 2.2.14: “ναὶ μὰ Δία” . (So 15. 2.3.10. 5.4.38. Hell. 3.4.9. 4.1.14. 5.1.4.) 2.2.19: “μὰ Δία” . (So 22. Hell. 5.4.32. Mem. 2.6.1.) 5.5.18: “οὐ μὰ τὸν Δία” . (So Conv. 4.3. Hiero, 1.21. Mem. 1.4.7.) 7.5.53: “μὰ τὸν Μίθρην” . 8.4.12: “νὴ τὴν Ἥραν” . (So Mem. 1.5.5. 3.10.9. 3.11.5. 4.2.9.) Hell. 1.7.21: “νὴ Δία” . (So 4.1.6. 6.1.7. 7.1.37. 3.10.) 3.1.24: “οὐ μὰ Δί᾽, ἔφη” . Oec. 4.24: “ὄμνυμί σοι τὸν Μίθρην” .

AR. Ach. 59: “μὰ τὸν Ἀπόλλω” (101. Eq. 14.870. 1041, etc.). Eq. 941: “εὖ γε νὴ τὸν Δία καὶ τὸν Ἀπόλλω καὶ τὴν Δήμητρα”. Nub. 372: “νὴ τὸν Ἀπόλλω” (Av. 470, elsew.). Cf.Ran. 1374-6: “μὰ τόν, ἐγὼ μὲν οὐδ᾽ ἂν εἴ τις” | “ἔλεγέ μοι τῶν ἐπιτυχόντων”, | “ἐπιθόμην”. Pl. 64 (= 364): “οὔ τοι μὰ τὴν Δήμητρα. 101: μὰ Δί”（“α”). (So 111. 359. 400. 410, elsew.) 106: “μὰ τὸν Δί”（“α”). 187: “ναὶ μὰ Δία. 134: νὴ Δία” (144.165. 356, elsew.). 202: “νὴ τὸν Δία. 395: πρὸς τῆς Ἑστίας. 396: νὴ τὸν Ποσειδῶ. 764: νὴ τὴν Ἑκάτην”.