[*] 427. Etymology of a)/n. The etymology of “ἄν” is still unsettled. With a definite reference it may be translated then, in that case, or, when opposition is implied, else. (Compare Lat. an.） Without definite reference, it sometimes gives a potential coloring, and in combination with the subjunctive and the optative is little more than a sharper future. “κεν” (“κα”) is also an unsolved riddle.
Syntax of Classical Greek from Homer to Demosthenes. Basil L. Gildersleeve. New York. American Book Company. 1900.
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