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[*] 171. Active serving as a passive. Intransitive verbs of passive signification are construed as passives. So “ἀποθνῄσκω” is regularly used as the passive of “ἀποκτείνω, εὖ πάσχω” of “εὖ ποιῶ, ἀκούω” of “λέγω, πίπτω” of “βάλλω, φεύγω” of “διώκω”. “ὑπὸ δὲ τοῦ ἰατροῦ φάσκων αὐτὸν ἀποθανεῖν”, ANTIPHON, 4 “γ” 5; Alleging him to have been killed by his physician. “ἐκπίπτουσιν οἱ Λακωνισταί”, XEN. Hell. 1.1.32; The Laconizers are cast out. “οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι . . . πράγματα εἶχον ὑπὸ . . . τῶν λῃστῶν”, XEN. Hell. 5.1.5; The Athenians were harassed by the pirates. “εὖ πάσχουσα” (sc. “γῆ”) “εὖ ποιεῖ”, XEN. Oec. 20.14; Land, when well treated, treats you well. DEM. [49], 1: “φεύγει νῦν ὑπ᾽ ἐμοῦ ταύτην τὴν δἰκην” . ANTIPHON, 4 “γ” 5: “ἀποθανεῖν” (see above). 5.48: “οὐδ᾽ οὗτοι ἀποθνῄσκουσιν ὑπ̓ αὐτῶν τῶν προσηκόντων”. PLATO, Apol. 35D: “ἀσεβείας φεύγοντα ὑπὸ Μελήτου τουτουΐ”. Hipp. Mai. 304 E: “συμβέβηκε δή μοι . . . κακῶς μὲν ὑφ᾽ ὑμῶν ἀκούειν καὶ ὀνειδίζεσθαι, κακῶς δὲ ὑπ̓ ἐκείνου”. XEN. Hell. 1.1.32: “ἐκπίπτουσιν” (see above). Ibid. 5.1.5: “πράγματα εἶχον” (see above). Oec. 20.14: “εὖ πάσχουσα” (see above). THUC.1.20.2: “Ἵππαρχον οἴονται ὑφ᾽ Ἁρμοδίου καὶ Ἀριστογείτονος τύραννον ὄντα ἀποθανεῖν” (cf. ibid.: “Ἱππάρχῳ περιτυχόντες . . . ἀπέκτειναν”). 3.58.4: “ἀποθανόντας ὑπὸ Μήδων” . HDT.4.125: “ὁρέοντες καὶ τοὺς ὁμούρους φεύγοντας ὑπὸ Σκυθέων καὶ τεταραγμένους”. 8.16: “ὁ γὰρ Ξέρξεω στρατὸς . . . αὐτὸς ὑπ᾽ ἑωυτοῦ ἔπιπτε”. AR. Ach. 167-8: “ταυτὶ περιείδεθ᾽ . . . πάσχοντά με” | . . . “καὶ ταῦθ᾽ ὑπ̓ ἀνδρῶν βαρβάρων”; PIND. O. 2.21: “ἐσλῶν γὰρ ὑπὸ χαρμάτων πῆμα θνᾴσκει”. HOM. Il. 1.242-3: “εὖτ᾽ ἂν πολλοὶ ὑφ̓ Ἕκτορος” . . . | “θνῄσκοντες πίπτωσι”. 3.61: “ὅς τ᾽ εἶσιν διὰ δουρὸς ὑπ̓ ἀνέρος”. 3.128: “ἔπασχον”. 6.74: “ἀνέβησαν” . 13.796: “εἶσι”. 16.519: “βαρύθει”. 17.428: “πεσόντος”. 616: “ὤλεσε θυμόν”. 21.22-3: “ὡς δ᾽ ὑπὸ δελφῖνος . . . ἰχθύες ἄλλοι” | “φεύγοντες πιμπλᾶσι μυχοὺς κτἑ”.
Syntax of Classical Greek from Homer to Demosthenes. Basil L. Gildersleeve. New York. American Book Company. 1900.
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