Qualification of the Subject
Attributes of the subject
[*] 484.
The subject may be qualified by giving it an attribute. An attribute
is that which serves to give a specific character.
[*] 485.
Chief Forms of the Attribute
The chief forms of the attribute are:
I. The adjective (including the participle) and its equivalents.
II. Apposition.
[*] 486.
Equivalents of the adjective
Equivalents of the adjective are:
1. The Pronouns including the Article.
2. Substantives denoting Rank, Age, Trade.
3. The Genitive Case.
4. The Dative Case.
5. Prepositions with their cases.
6. Adverbs.
7. Relative Clauses.
1. For the Article and the Pronouns, see the sections treating of
these.
[*] 487.
Substantives denoting Rank, Age, Trade:
“
ὦ ἄνδρες βουλευταί,”
XEN. Hell. 2.3.24
;
Gentlemen of the Senate.
Poets are very free in this regard, and the substantives thus used
have a wider range. Especially common is the use of “
ἀνήρ” in every sphere,
1 with more weight in prose than in poetry. “
ἄνθρωπος” is as disrespectful as “
ἀνήρ” is respectful.
DEM.9.31:
“
οὐχ Ἕλληνος ὄντος ... ἀλλ᾽ ὀλέθρου
Μακεδόνος. 18.127: ὄλεθρος γραμματεύς. 19.4: ὦ ἄνδρες
δικασταί”, and the same phrase very often elsewhere.
19.22: “
ὦ ἄνδρες πρέσβεις. 172: ἀνθρώπους
πολίτας”.
AESCHIN.2.87:
“
κατ᾽ ἀνδρὸς πολίτου. 3.152: τοῖς δραπέταις
ποσί. 233: ἀνὴρ ... ἰδιώτης. 253: ἀνὴρ ῥήτωρ”.
Cf. 1.15: “
πρεσβῦτις ἄνθρωπος”. Cf.
4.19: “
δούλην ἄνθρωπον”. 12.1 and
elsewhere: “
ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί. 26.21: ὦ
ἄνδρες βουλευταί”.
ANTIPHON, 3 “
α 1: ὦ ἄνδρες πολῖται. β 2: ὦ
ἄνδρες δικασταί. 4 α 6: ἄνδρα πρεσβύτην”.
PLATO ,
Critias, 118E: “
ἄνδρα ἡγεμόνα”.
Ion 540 D:
“
ἀνδρὶ ... στρατηγῷ”.
Phaedr. 260 B:
“
λόγον ἔπαινον”. Protag. 312 C: “
ἀνδρὶ ... σοφιστῇ”.
Rpb. 620 B:
“
ἀθλητοῦ ἀνδρός”.
Theaet. 195 B:
“
ἀνὴρ ἀδολέσχης”.
XEN. An. 3.2.2: “
ὦ ἄνδρες στρατιῶται ...
ἀνδρῶν στρατηγῶν. 4.1.6: σὺν τοῖς ὀπισθοφύλαξιν
ὁπλίταις. 28: τῶν γυμνήτων ταξιάρχων. 7.8: τῶν
ὀπισθοφυλάκων λοχαγῶν. 6.5.9: ὦ ἄνδρες
στρατηγοί”. Cyr. 5.3.31: “
ἀνδρὶ
εὐεργέτῃ. 5.11: ἄνδρα ἄρχοντα”. Hell. 2.3.24 (see
above). 4.13: “
ἄνδρες πολῖται”.
THUC.1.74.1:
“
ἄνδρα στρατηγόν.”
6.85.1:
“
ἀνδρὶ ... τυράννῳ.”
8.98.3:
“
ἀνδρὶ στρατηγῷ”
.
HDT.3.52:
“
ἀλήτην βίον. 6.83: ἔπειτα δὲ ἐς τοὺς
δούλους ἦλθε ἀνὴρ μάντις Κλέανδρος”.
AR. Ach. 328: “
ἄνδρες δημόται”. Eq. 242:
“
ἄνδρες ἱππῆς”. Vesp. 360: “
ἄνδρες ὁπλῖται. 908: ἄνδρες
δικασταί”. Pax, 9: “
ἄνδρες
κοπρολόγοι”. Thesm. 345: “
γραῦς
γυνή”. Ran. 858: “
ἄνδρας ποιητάς.
1008: ἄνδρα ποιητήν. 1041: ἄνδρα πολίτην”.
EUR. Alc. 679: “
νεανίας λόγους”. Hec.
921: “
ναύταν ... ὅμιλον”. Heracl. 699:
“
ὁπλίτην κόσμον. 800: ὁπλίτην
στρατόν”. H. F. 26: “
γέρων δὲ δή τις
ἔστι Καδμείων λόγος. 190: ἀνὴρ ὁ πλίτης δοῦλός ἐστι
τῶν ὅπλων”. Hipp. 1006: “
παρθἐνον
ψυχήν”. Ion, 1373: “
οἰκέτην
βίον”.
Or. 529:
“
δακρύοις γέροντ᾽ ὀ φθαλμὸν ἐκτήκω
τάλας”
. Phoen. 838: “
παρθένῳ χερί”.
AESCHYL. Ag. 1627:
“
ἀνδρὶ στρατηγῷ”. Cf. Cho. 3.14:
“
τριγέρων μῦθος”. Sept. 605: “
ξὺν πολίταις ἀνδράσιν. 717: ἄνδρ᾽
ὁπλίτην”.
PIND. O. 10 (11), 49: “
μετὰ δώδεκ᾽ ἀνάκτων
θεῶν”. P. 11.33: “
μάντιν τ᾽ ὄλεσσε
κόραν”. N. 2.13: “
φῶτα
μαχατάν”.
HOM. Od. 3.267: “
ἀοιδὸς ἀνήρ. 9.391: ἀνὴρ
χαλκεύς. 508: μάντις ἀνήρ. 24.2: ἀνδρῶν μνηστήρων. 253:
βασιλῆι γὰρ ἀνδρὶ ἔοικας”.
Il. 4.216: “
χαλκῆες ... ἄνδρες. 6.315:
τέκτονες ἄνδρες. 390: γυνὴ ταμίη. 9.477: φύλακας ...
ἄνδρας. 11.514: ἰητρὸς ... ἀνήρ. 17.65: ἄνδρες ...
νομῆες. 21.574: ἀνδρὸς θηρητῆρος”.
The oblique cases
[*] 488.
The Genitive Case:
“
δοκεῖ γέ μοι” (sc. “
ἡ χλαῖνα”) | “
ἐοικέναι
μάλιστα Μορύχου σάγματι”, AR. Vesp. 1141-2;
It
looks most like a cloak of Morychus' to me. (Compare
“
ἐν τῇδε τῇ ... οἰκίᾳ τῇ
Μορυχίᾳ”,
PLATO, Phaedr.
227B;
In this house of Morychus.) “
ὦ παῖ Κλεινίου”, Alc. 1.103 A;
Sonof Clinias. (Compare “
ὁ ...
Κλεινίειος οὗτος”, Gorg. 482 A;
This
(
son)
of Clinias.）
For further examples, see
Genitive Case.
[*] 489.
The Dative Case:
“
βοήθεια ἑαυτῷ”,
PLATO, Gorg. 522D;
Self-help.
“
τὴν ἐμὴν τῷ θεῷ ὑπηρεσίαν”,
Apol. 30 A. “
τὸν δὲ ταύρῳ χαλκέῳ
καυτῆρα” ... | “
ἐχθρὰ
Φάλαριν κατἑχει παντᾷ φάτις”, PIND. P. 1.95-6.
For other examples, see
Dative Case.
[*] 490.
Prepositions with their Cases:
“
τὰ ὑπὸ γῆς” (= “
ὑπόγεια”) “
δικαιωτήρια”,
PLATO, Phaedr. 249A;
Underground reformatories.
DEM.2.12:
“
οἱ παρ: ἡμῶν πρέσβεις. 16: τῶν ἐμπορίων
τῶν ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ”.
PLATO, Phaedr. 249A (see above).
Rpb. 426 E:
“
τὰ ἐν τοῖς ξυμβολαίοις
κακουργήματα”. 506 C: “
τὰς ἄνευ
ἐπιστήμης δόξας”.
Theaet.
148 D:
“
τὴν περὶ τῶν δυνάμεων ἀπόκρισιν”.
XEN. Cyr. 1.6.38: “
τῶν πρὸς τοὺς πολεμίους
μηχανημάτων. 39: τῆς πρὸς τοὺς πολεμίους
πλεονεξίας”.
THUC.1.100.1:
“
ἡ ἐπ᾽ Εὐρυμέδοντι ποταμῷ ... πεζομαχία
καὶ ναυμαχία.”
2.6.2:
“
τὰ περὶ τῶν Πλαταιῶν
γεγενημένα.”
2.7.1:
“
τοῦ ἐν Πλαταιαῖς ἔργου”
.
AR. Ach. 202: “
τὰ κατ᾽ ἀγροὺς ...
Διονύσια”. Eq. 709: “
τἀν πρυτανείῳ
σιτία”.
Nub. 218:
“
φέρε τίς γὰρ οὗτος οὑπὶ τῆς
κρεμάθρας ἀνήρ;”
SOPH. Ant. 95:
“
τὴν ἐξ ἐμοῦ δυσβουλίαν”
.
O. R. 595:
“
τὰ σὺν κέρδει καλά”
.
[*] 491.
Adverbs
These are chiefly preceded by the article and involve the participle
of “
εἰμί”.
“
ἐν ... τῷ τέως χρόνῳ,”
LYS. 7.12
;
Up to date.
DEM.18.26:
“
τὸν μεταξὺ χρόνον. 29.14: τὸν
ὁμολογουμένως δοῦλον”.
ISOC.6.28:
“
τοὺς ὡς ἀληθῶς Μεσσηνίους”.
LYS.7.12(see above).
PLATO, Legg. 639B:
“
οὐδαμῶς ἀνδρῶν ἄρχοντα, ἀλλά τινων
σφόδρα γυναικῶν”. 731 E: “
διὰ τὴν
σφόδρα ἑαυτοῦ φιλίαν”. 952 C: “
τῆς σφόδρα προθυμίας”.
Phaedo 109 D:
“
εἰς τὸν ἐνθάδε τόπον”. Politic. 270
E: “
ἐν τῷ τότε χρόνῳ”.
Rpb. 328 E:
“
τοῖς σφόδρα πρεσβύταις”. 341 C: “
ὁ ὀρθῶς κυβερνήτης”. 450 C: “
ἐν τῷ μεταξὺ χρόνῳ”. 496 E: “
τὸν ... ἐνθάδε βίον”. 564 A: “
ἡ γὰρ ἄγαν ἐλευθερία ἔοικεν ... εἰς ἄγαν
δουλείαν μεταβάλλειν”.
XEN. Cyr. 1.5.9: “
τῶν παραυτίκα
ἡδονῶν”. MEM. 3.5.1: “
Περικλεῖ ...
τῷ τοῦ πάνυ Περικλέους υἱῷ”.
THUC.2.48.2:
“
καὶ ἐς τὴν ἄνω πόλιν ἀφίκετο.”
3.9.1:
“
ξυμμαχίαν τὴν πρίν”
.
3.95.2:
“
τὴν οὐ περιτείχισιν.”
6.80.5:
“
τὴν αὐτίκα ἀκινδύνως δουλείαν.”
8.89.2:
“
τῶν πάνυ στρατηγῶν”
.
HDT.1.96:
“
τῆς ἄνω Ἀσίης. 142: τὰ ἄνω ... χωρία.
8.8: τῶν τότε ἀνθρώπων”.
AR. Ran. 421: “
κἀστὶν τὰ πρῶτα τῆς ἐκεῖ
μοχθηρίας”. Eccl. 115: “
ἡ μὴ
'μπειρία”.
COM. Cratin. 2.122: “
τοῦ λίαν πότου”
(445).
SOPH. El. 1134:
“
τῇ τόθ᾽ ἡμέρᾳ”. Ph. 131: “
τῶν ἀεὶ λόγων”.
AESCHYL. Ag. 73:
“
τῆς τότ᾽ ἀρωγῆς”.
P. V. 123:
“
διὰ τὴν λίαν φιλότητα”
.
PIND. P. 1.20: “
Αἴτνα, πάνετες χίονος
ὀξείας τιθήνα” (see B. L. G.
ad loc.).
fr. 133:
“
ἐς τὸν ὕπερθεν ἅλιον”.
7. For Relative Clauses as equivalents of adjectives, see
Relative Clauses.
For the substantive in apposition, see
Apposition.
