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[162] “ ἐν καυλῶι, ” 17.607; for the use of “ἐν” cf. 6.40 “ἐν πρώτωι ῥυμῶι. καυλός” is explained by Schol. B as “τὸ καθιέμενον εἰς τὸ κοῖλον τοῦ δόρατος μέρος”. This may mean either a tongue of metal forming part of the head and let into the wood of the spear, or the end of the wooden spear-shaft fixed into a hollow base of the point. There is no reason why both these modes of attachment may not have been in use simultaneously in spears of different makes. The former seems to be implied by the use of a ferrule or “πόρκης” in 6.320, the latter by the “αὐλός” of 17.297 (see note there). Here the former is probably intended. So also the “καυλός” of a sword (16.338) is the metal tongue running from the blade between the wooden pieces which form the handle; see Helbig H. E. ^{2} 335-8.

The Iliad, edited, with apparatus criticus, prolegomena, notes, and appendices. Walter Leaf. London. Macmillan. 1900.

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